Macbeth, By William Shakespeare - 1954 Words

In the play, Macbeth is constrained by his significant other Lady Macbeth to accomplish his aspiration of turning into the King of Scotland. However, he is tormented toward the end of the play by the blame of slaughtering the King of Scotland and taking his royal position by settling on wasteful choices. He is compelled to murder anybody that gets in his direction that is debilitating to remove his royal position from him. Macbeth was constrained by Lady Macbeth by her continual scrutiny of his masculinity by his unwillingness and executing the general population that got in his way.He would not like to murder them since he was feeling regretful of slaughtering his ruler that he was faithful to his companions that he battled adjacent to†¦show more content†¦Scene 1. Line 10) makes Macbeth feels that he s getting the crown reasonably, yet he s really getting the crown erroneously by settling on the wrong choices (Langis). Jorgensen discloses how Macbeth tries to hold his po sition of royalty by going to three sisters. The witches caution Macbeth about Macduff in light of the fact that the witches surmise that he is up to something and it can debilitate his desire, so Macbeth sends officers to Macduff s mansion to execute him since he s as of now feeling remorseful of murdering Duncan and when the fighters arrive Macduff had as of now fled to Malcolm for his assistance to stop Macbeth, yet Macduff committed an error of deserting his family and Macbeth kills Macduff s family since it made Macbeth irate that Macduff went to go get assistance from Duncan s child Malcolm. When Macduff returns again from England Ross admits to Macduff that his family has been killed by Macbeth since he wasn t there. At that point Macduff likewise sets an aspiration of slaughtering Macbeth, so he can get exact retribution for the murder of his family (Jorgensen). Macbeth s goal makes him end up being unmanly, so his significant other needs to invigorate him into holding his r espected position. Then again Shakespeare utilizes masculinity toShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. Throughout the pla y, the many characters go through fierce temptation and strife, and noneRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play based on King James I, it was written by William Shakespeare, however this play isn’t a king and queen fairy tale, but it’s a play about greed and guilt, chaos and murder and three evil witches who use prophecies to influence Macbeth to do bad things, using flattery would instigate his inner ambition to become king, which in the end doesn’t lead to a very happy ending. Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, was written in the early Jacobean period. During those times, women had no power, theyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, the author portrays the main character Macbeth as a very tortured and flawed individual whose actions only serve to further unravel him. He is conflicted and power hungry, which drives him to perform evil murders and become a ruthless person. Macbeth’s moral compass is not resilient enough to withstand his wife’s manipulations and he is provoked to act on his malicious thoughts of murder. The author explores the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can haveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction†. Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tale which illuminates the consequences of violating the â€Å"Natural order†, the hierarchy of beings in the universe. When Macbeth, a warrior wel l-known for his courage and bravery, murders King Duncan acting on his unchecked ambition to claim the throne, the order was disrupted, the result†¦chaos. Shakespeare uses symbolism to illustrate the atmosphere of the play as the natural order is flung into a state of turmoil. These techniques used by Shakespeare is usedRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent references in the play of how a king deals with power and if they use it for better or for their own personal gain. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s obsession with his journey to power leads to his failure. This obsession is demonstrated through the prophecies, the murder of his best friend Banquo, and his own demise. Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. This is indicated throughout the play with theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1045 Words   |  5 PagesBlood appears in only two forms, but many times in Macbeth by William Shakespeare; between the war scene at the beginning of the play and the lifting of Macbeth’s severed being lifted by Macduff at the end. It can be said that Macbeth could have been written in blood that there is such a large amount. What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare2060 Words   |  9 Pagesthe green one red Macbeth Quote (Act II, Sc. II). Out, out, brief candle! Life s but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage and then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing. Macbeth Quote (Act V, Scene V). These quotes have been taken from play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare. Like these quotes there are hundreds and thousands of such heart touching quotes written by Shakespeare in his many different

Lab Report Gender in Relation to Obesity Stereotyping

Title Gender in relation to obesity stereotyping Abstract Obesity represents an emerging lifestyle issue in the world today, more so in the western civilizations. This trend owes its origin in such factors as lifestyles, heredity and genetic formations of individuals. However, in more instances than one, obesity get attributed to over feeding, poor diet and an over reliance on fast and fatty foods, which leads to stereotyping. The perception that obese people present a lazy and inactive people does not help stereotyping, but only fuel its entrenchment in society. In as much as both obese men and men suffer from stereotyping, the scale in more instances than one tips towards women. From serving as bad examples to young ones to the perception that they live off the sweat of their husbands, engage house-helps to do menial household chores and make no effort in watching out their weights; women experience bias in all aspects of life. In general, men acquire the perception that at least, make an effort to get off weight and present a more active clique in obesity matters. Introduction Obesity represents a condition where individuals put on abnormal, or, above average weights when weighted on the Body Mass Index, BMI, Scale (Thomas, Hyde, Karunaratne, Herbert Komesaroff, 2008). Acquisition of weight to extreme levels may get attributed to the lifestyle and the genetic affiliation of a given person. In some instances, consumption of junk food and indulgence inShow MoreRelatedSocial Stress And Its Impact On The Classroom9865 Words   |  40 Pageson social stigma in three main domains: race, gender, and sexual orientation. This proposal theoretically and empirically examines weight stigma, an understudied social domain. Studying weight stigma is critically important not only for advancing basic social psychological theory in the domain of stigma research, but also in terms of its broader impact. The objective of this proposal is to test an original, integrative model called the Cyclic OBesity/WEight-Based Stigma (COBWEBS) model, which positsRead MoreSt ephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCharacteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnicity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢ Diversity in Groups 58 †¢Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesdrivers of productivity and profitability growth. Figure 1 shows data from our company’s experience with the strong results of such business management innovation throughout a wide range of areasà ¢â‚¬â€from product development, supply chain, customer relations, and total quality to human resources, alliances, and partnering initiatives—over the last several years and across a wide range of industry segments in many of the major manufacturing and services throughout the world. Measured in terms of actual

10 Class Maths Paper Free Essays

SAMPLE PAPER – 2008 Class – X SUBJECT – MATHEMATICS Time: 3 hrs Marks: 80 General Instructions: ( I ) All questions are compulsory. ( ii ) The question paper consists of 30 questions divided into four sections –A, B, C and D. Section A contains 10 questions of 1 mark each, Section B is of 5 questions of 2 marks each, Section C is of 10 questions of 3 marks each and section D is of 5 questions of 6 marks each. We will write a custom essay sample on 10 Class Maths Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( iii ) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks each, three questions of three marks each and two questions of six marks each. ( iv ) In question on construction, the drawing should be neat and exactly as per the given measurements. ( v ) Use of calculator is not permitted. SECTION A ( Qns 1 – 10 carry 1 mark each ) 1. If HCF ( a, b ) = 12 and a x b = 1800. Find LCM ( a, b ). 2. Find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial from the graph. Y 4 3 2 1 X X’ -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 Y’ 3. If the pair of linear equations x – y = 1 and x + ky = 5 has a unique solution x = 2, y = 1, find the value of k. 4. If x = 4sin2? and y = 4 cos2? + 1. Find the value of x + y. 5. Find the value of P, if cos( 810 + ? ) = sin( P/3 – ? ). 6. A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of an equilateral triangle shaped grass field of side 15m by means of a 7m rope. Find the area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze. 7. Two tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an external point P to a circle with centre O. If LQOR = 1200, then what is the value of LOPQ? Q O P R 8. An observer 1. 5m tall is 28. 5m away from a tower. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from her eye is 450. What is the height of the tower? A B 450 C 1. 5m D 28. 5m E 9. The graph of the less than ogive and more than ogive intersect at the point ( 4, 15). What is the value of the median? 0. Suppose you drop a die on the rectangular region shown in fig. What is the probability that it will land inside the circle with diameter 1m ? 2m 3m SECTION B ( Qns 11 – 15 carry 2 marks each ) 11. If 9th term of an A. P is 99 and 99th term is 9, find its 108th term. 12. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random. What is the probability that the chosen letter is ( i ) a vowel ( ii ) a consonant. 13. If 2x + y = 35 and 3x + 4y = 65, find the value of x/y. 14. Show that the three points ( 3, 3 ), ( h, 0 ) and ( 0, k ) are collinear if 1/h + 1/k = 1/3 15. Find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 11x + 30, and verify the relationship between the zeros and coefficients. OR Divide the polynomial p ( x ) by g ( x ) and find the quotient and remainder. p( x ) = x4 – 3Ãâ€"2 + 4x + 5 g ( x ) = x2 + 1 – x SECTION C ( Qns 16 – 25 carry 3 marks each ) 16. A shopkeeper buys a number of books for Rs80. If he had bought 4 more books for the same amount, each book would cost him Re 1 less. How many books did he buy? 7. Prove that v3 is irrational. 18. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation 2Ãâ€"2 – kx + x + 8 = 0 will have real and equal roots. 19. Draw a right triangle in which the sides ( other than hypotenuse ) are of length 4cm and 3cm. Then construct another triangle whose sides are 5/3 times the corresponding sides of the given triangle. 20. Prove the following identity: 1 – 1 = 1 – 1 . cosec? – cot? sin? sin? cosec? + cot? OR Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate: Sec2100 – cot2800 + sin150cos750 + cos150sin750 . Cos? sin( 900 – ? ) + sin? cos( 900 – ? ) 21. In fig. DE // OQ and DF // OR. Show that EF // QR. P D E F O Q R OR XP and XQ are two tangents to a circle with centre O from a point X out side the circle. ARB is tangent to a circle at R. Prove that XA + AR = XB + BR. P A O RX Q B 22. Show that the line segment joining the points ( -5, 8 ) and ( 10, -4 ) is trisected by the coordinate axes. 23. The line segment joining A ( 6, 3 ) to B ( -1, -4 ) is doubled in length by having half its length added to each end. Find the coordinates of the new ends. 24. In fig. LACB = 900 and CD + AB. Prove that BC2 = BD AC2 AD C A D B 25. Find the area of the shaded region if radii of the two concentric circles with centre O are 14cm and 21cm respectively and LAOC = 300. O 300 B D A C OR Calculate the area of the designed region in fig. common between two quadrants of circles of radius 8cm each. cm ***** 8cm ****** 8cm ****** * * 8cm SECTION D ( Qns 26 – 30 carry 6 marks each ) 26. Prove that in a triangle, if square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle. Using the above do the following: In quadrilateral ABCD, LB = 900. If AD2 = AB2 + BC2 + CD2, then prove that LACD = 900. D C A B 27. From a stationary shop, Joseph bought two pencils and three chocklates for Rs11 and Sumeet bought one pencil a nd two chocklates for Rs7. Represent this problem in the form of a pair of linear equations. Find the price of one pencil and one chocklate graphically. 28. A man standing on the deck of a ship, which is 10m above the water level, observes the angle of elevation of the top of a hill as 600 and angle of depression of the base of the hill as 300. Calculate the distance of the hill from the ship and the height of the hill. 29. A vessel is in the form of a hemispherical bowl, surmounted by a hollow cylinder. The diameter of the hemisphere is 12cm and the total height of the vessel is 16cm. Find the capacity of the vessel. Also find the internal surface area of the vessel. OR A hollow cone is cut by a plane parallel to the base and the upper portion is removed. If the curved surface of the remainder is 8/9 of the curved surface of the whole cone, find the ratio of the line-segments into which the cone’s altitude is divided by the plane. 30. The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps: Life time ( in hours ) |Number of lamps | |1500 – 2000 |14 | |2000- 2500 |56 | |2500 – 3000 |60 | |3000 – 3500 |86 | |3500 – 4000 |74 | |4000 – 4500 |62 | |4500 – 5000 |48 | Find the median life time of a lamp. OR Find the mean marks from the following data: |Marks |Number of students | |Below 10 |4 | |Below 20 |10 | |Below 30 |18 |Below 40 |28 | |Below 50 |40 | |Below 60 |70 | M . P . S U R E S H B A B U Mob: 9 4 4 7 1 4 2 9 3 4 E-mail:suresh_ malikayil@yahoo. co. in ANSWERS |1. 150 |11. 0 |21. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. or †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | |2. 3, 1 |12. 5/26, 21/26 |22. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | |3. k = 3 |13. 3 |23. ( 19/2, 13/2 ),(-9/2, -15/2) | |4. 5 |14. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |24. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | |5. p = 270 |15. -6, -5 |25. 64 1/4cm2 or 36 4/7cm2 | | |or q (x ) = x2 + x – 3, r = 8 | | |6. 25 2/3cm2 |16. 16 |26. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. | |7. 00 |17. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |27. Re 1, Rs 3 | |8. 30m |18. 9, -7 |28. 10 v3m, 40m | |9. 4 |19. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |29. 1584cm3, 602. 88cm2 | | | |or 1:2 | |10. ? /24 |20. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Or 2 |30. 3406. 98 hours | | | |or 40. 7 | How to cite 10 Class Maths Paper, Papers

Nursing Case Study Hypertension in Pregnancy

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Case Study for Hypertension in Pregnancy. Answer: 1. The preliminary diagnosis for the patient in the given case study is pre-eclampsia. The patient has significant proteinuria and new-onset hypertension. The diagnosis is further supported by moderately elevated haemoglobin which suggests that haemoconcentartion, uric acid which is higher than the normal range for 33 weeks of gestation along with serum creatinine which is also elevated than expected at 33 weeks of gestation. The risk factors include miscarriage and complications at the time of delivery. The rationale for my decisions relies on the conditions of her previous pregnancy 2 years ago in which she suffered a miscarriage together with the symptoms she is having in the present scenario (Li et al., 2014). 2. The subsequent clinical management and midwifery care for Kavitha will encompass treating the blood pressure that will lead to the reduction of the risk of occurrences of s hypertension which is severe and could be unsafe (Vest Cho, 2014). Therefore the patient should be informed of the diagnosis and should be advised to stay in the hospital till the time of delivery. The gynecologist should inform her regarding the symptoms of pre-eclampsia along with placental abruption and should be advised to visit a neonatal unit and attend counselling sessions from a neonatologist. In her case, there are greater chances of delivery by Caesarean section; hence it should be discussed with her in advance and an anaesthetic assessment should be held before (Li et al., 2014). 3: Hypertension- It refers to a medical condition in which the pressure of blood in the arteries gets elevated and is also called as High Blood Pressure (HBP) (Vest Cho, 2014). Pre-eclampsia- It is a pregnancy disorder which is characterized by elevated blood pressure together with a large quantity of protein in the urine. It generally occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Eclampsia- It is a serious condition which results in seizures during the period of pregnancy and is occurs rarely.1 in every 200 women gets affected by this condition. References Li, X. L., Chen, T. T., Dong, X., Gou, W. L., Lau, S., Stone, P., Chen, Q. (2014). Early onset preeclampsia in subsequent pregnancies correlates with early onset preeclampsia in first pregnancy.European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology,177, 94-99. Vest, A. R., Cho, L. S. (2014). Hypertension in pregnancy.Current atherosclerosis reports,16(3), 1-11.

The Use of Tone in Man of La Mancha Essay Example

The Use of Tone in Man of La Mancha Essay In the play, Man of La Mancha, written by Dale Wasserman, a conglomeration of techniques is used to set or change the emotional feel of a scene. Lighting is lowered to create a sinister feel, or to show that that scene is in the prison, and sometimes it is increased in order to portray joy, or show that the scene is in the poet’s story. Musical crescendos and decrescendos are also used to show this. But even more important than these, are the tricks used by the actors themselves. Blocking, body language, and emotion are all very important, but one specific thing that I noticed was the tone of the performers. In the scene with the barber, the gypsy girl, and the â€Å"Golden Helmet of Mambrino†, the barber’s confusion and slight fear can be clearly heard, even through his minimal lines. Also, the profuse sincerity of Sancho Panza, not to mention his worry for his master, is clearly expressed in each and every of his scenes, especially the opening scene Cervantes’ tale and the final scene where Don Quixote dies after being reunited with his Dulcinea. Even while singing, (I Really Like Him) his tone and emotion remained consistent with the feel of the scene. The actor’s tone also remains constant to his character throughout the play, never becoming too brusque, or too insipid. Mainly though, the character with the most control over, and who had the best use of his tone, was Don Quixote. In the scene, for example, where Don Quixote is faced with the Knight of the Mirrors and his attendants, his cries of agony at the realization of his situation perfectly depicts the terror which is meant to accompany it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Tone in Man of La Mancha specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Tone in Man of La Mancha specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Tone in Man of La Mancha specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer His sadness on his deathbed, his ecstatic joy in the recovery of his memories, and his humility when begging to be officially knighted, are all perfectly portrayed, primarily by the tones he uses to emphasize what he is saying. You can truly believe that he is dying, or remembering his love, or believes that the hotel is a fortress, and it’s landlord , a king. It takes many parts to make a play successful. The following of cues, memorization of lines, and the timing of special effects are all important. On a deeper level, the actor’s concentration, dedication, and skill levels are also crucial. A key part though, which can make or break the play, is the actor’s tone when he or she says her lines. With the incorrect tone, the scene feels wrong and the illusion of the play is broken. In this rendition of Man of La Mancha, the actors placed their tones perfectly, which successfully brought forth the underlying messages in the story, which are usually unintentionally omitted.

Decision to Change the World essays

Decision to Change the World essays Its a touchdown! screams an announcer. O.J. Simpson once was a very well known football star in all ways, not knowing that he would later be in one of the most televised and talked about trials ever. Some thought that the system of courts would be changed after this trial for such a crime that occurred. O.J. Simpson was considered one of the greatest running backs in football history. Born in San Francisco in 1947, Simpson earned All-American honors at the University of Southern California and won the Heisman Trophy as the nation's top college football player in 1968. He set several National Football League records before retiring in 1979. He has since worked as a sports commentator and actor. (World Book, OJ Simpson.) Nicole Simpson worked as a waitress in a Beverly Hills nightclub, the Daisy, where she met O.J. Simpson. They were married February 2, 1985. After her divorce, she won $433,000 cash settlement and $10,000 monthly child support. Along with her was her 25-year-old friend Ronald Goldman, who was currently, a waiter at Mezzaluna. (cnn.com/US/OJ/victims/index.html) Then, one late night, they were found stabbed to death outside Nicoles LA condo. When Simpson said he heard about it he went straight back from Chicago to LA. He was handcuffed, but shortly after he was released due to no evidence. (OJ movie) A few days later police thought of OJ as the top suspect of this case. So, with a hint, they searched a field nearby a hotel OJ stayed at, but no evidence was found. They wanted to put a warrant on Simpson. As more televised announcements were being announced, everyone started centering on the Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman case. A couple days after the search, police found OJ Simpson with a gun to his head driving down a highway. It was a long chase, not going too fast, but eventually ended at the end of the day. OJ was put in Jail with no bail, pleading not guilty. [T...

What is the basic organization of the profile Essay

What is the basic organization of the profile - Essay Example One of the places the in e profile where the interview is used is when Davis student, Dave and Louis interview Dan about his feelings: â€Å"how are you feeling Camp? The Dan replies, â€Å"I’ am great, John. No cramping here!† Laughter broke out behind the camera.Another instance of the interview is when Dan’s friend, Miranda asked him, â€Å"you know what you should do with all these paperclips Dan when this is all done?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You should†¦you fill up a swimming pool and jump in!†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What a weird, non-sequitur thing to say, Miranda,† Dan replied laughing. When writing about one’s profile you need to engage him in a discourse and to talk about his character. For example, the current record was set in 2000and stands at 895 yards or just shies of nine football fields. Another example given here is, is a good-natured man, bright and energetic young man willing to go all out for an ultimately meaningless goal. Yo u need to draw one after he has illustrated his profile to you when writing a profile. One of the examples given here is â€Å" As the crew walked slowly down the road, Dan had to continually order halts to fix broken links as well as tangles and snags† secondly, â€Å" All of a sudden Aston went into broadcast mode†¦Ã¢â‚¬  lastly, â€Å"Meyers' fingers were racing like an intricate machine† In order to get background information about whomever you are writing his profile, you can carry out a visitor you may decide to be a secret or silent observer. One may also decide to carry out an interview with the person so as to get the first-hand information.

Design in Contemporary Contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Design in Contemporary Contexts - Essay Example So the 1850’s and onwards the term Realism was used by artists and designers. Romanticism was subjective and Realism was objective. The current historicism has been opposed by modernism with a series of ideas that included Romanticism itself. But a painting school originating in France called Impressionism had a particular impact on modernism. Initially it was work done in air not in the studios as they believed that human beings did not see objects but what they see is the light. With time, the studies of the school became a great influence. When the century was turning, there were three concepts that were in conflict. Firstly, machines as being a part of beauty were considered important. Secondly, the subjective experience was important. Lastly, there was a necessity that a system replaces the concept of objective reality. The first fifteen years of twentieth century of modernism were marked by famous artists such as Matisse, the abstract paintings of Wassily Kandinsky and m any others. To this point, modernism enjoyed subjective experience and the idea of a simplified structure. Cinemas were introduced during this period and the idea of moving pictures gave modernism a unique art form. The art of photography also affected modernism. Modernism began to merge with consumer culture during the 1960’s after World War II. Along with modernist art, modernist design entered the popular cultures. This amalgamation transformed the meaning of modernism itself. This kind of modernism suggested the rejection of tradition which itself became a tradition. It also suggested that there was a difference between the elite modernist and mass consumerist culture and this difference had lost its precision. This marked the start of the Post Modernism era. (Museum Quality, 2007). Two Modernist Artists/Designers Marcel Duchamp was one of the modernist artist who had become famous from the year 1916 when he had installed ready-made objects such as hat stands, bottle stan ds in the art gallery. In 1917, the Fountain which was a ready made object had entered the art history as an iconic object. (Meecham and Sheldon, 2005, p.17).One of his famous quotes are: â€Å"The creative act is not performed by the artist alone; the spectator brings the work in contact with the external world by deciphering and interpreting its inner qualifications and thus adds his contribution to the creative act.† The above quote stated by Duchamp suggests that modernism can be understood in terms of objectivism through observation of the real world entities and incorporating those observations in art. This shows that he followed the Dadaist and Surrealist Movements. Edward Johnston was another famous modernist artist who became famous in the 1919 when he came up with his iconic object called the London Underground which was a modified form of an existing logo and became greatly popular and liked. He was among the early artists who brought corporate taste in artistic pi ece. (MobileReference). One of the famous quotes by Johnston is: â€Å"A man who don’t know history, he don’t know anything.† Hence, this shows that Johnston believed historicism in art. Marcel Duchamp Marcel Duchamp was a French artist who supported the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. His artwork influenced the Western art’s development after the World War I. He influenced many other famous artists with his

Blues Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Blues Culture - Essay Example They took the form of second lines, pleasure, social clubs and even music. Its roots were in different manifestations of African American slave melodies, for example, field hollers, work tunes, spirituals, and nation string numbers. Blues music that caught the torment, anguish and any expectations of 300 years of bondage and inhabitant cultivating, soul was regularly played by travelling solo musical artists on acoustic guitar, piano, or harmonica at weekend gatherings, picnics, and juke joints. Their audience was essentially comprised of farming workers, who moved to the propulsive rhythms, groans, and slide guitar. As the African American group that made soul started moving far from the South to escape its hardscrabble presence and Jim Crow laws, blues music advanced to reflect new circumstances. After a great many African-American ranch specialists had moved north to urban areas like Chicago and Detroit amid both World Wars, numerous started to view customary blues as an undesirable indication of their humble days drudging in the fields; they needed to hear music that mirrored their new urban surroundings. Accordingly, transplanted soul specialists, for example, Muddy Waters, who had lived and chipped away at a Mississippi manor before riding the rails to Chicago in 1943, swapped acoustic guitars for electric ones and rounded out their sound with drums, harmonica, and remain up bass (Woods). This offered ascent to an energized soul music with a blending beat that drove individuals onto the dance floor and directed the route toward musicality and soul and shake and roll. Malcolm x was a black child whose father was killed by the white people and as a result, he developed mistrust for the white community. As a result, he started engaging in crime and was soon imprisoned. However, he found Islam in the prison and found out that he had

Environmental Degradation: Causes and Effects

Environmental Degradation: Causes and Effects Introduction Thesis statement and Purpose statement Nowadays, the development of urbanization, which causes concentrated human population and habitat in small areas, has occurred at a very quick pace. Urban standard of living has risen roughly on the basis of technical innovations and changes in social structure. However, at the same time, there is a widespread concern about unsustainable city development and infrastructure due to the inequality between the progress and the environmental threat (Boyce, 1994, 18). The economic development brings both prosperity for people and damage to the environment, which includes air, water and soil pollution. Lovejoy (1993, p.125) argued this common occurrence is rampantly increasing all over the world, particular in developing countries. With limited time and resources, this paper will explore some common features of urban environmental degradation based on the authors experiences and geographical perspectives of Vietnam. The aim of this paper is to identify what urban environmental degradation is, and then understand the reasons and effects of this issue. From this basis, the research will refer to some assumptions and implications of other authors work and examples before suggesting some possible solutions to ensure the sustainability for new urban developments as well as the environment. Definition of urban environmental degradation Recognition of an environmental degradation is essential for the management of urban environment. Hackett (1993, pg. 116) writes that urban degradation is a result of the rapid growth in urban population and industrialization which causes many negative impacts on the urban landscapes and living quality of cities, such as poor quality housing, inadequate infrastructure and industrial pollution. Simultaneously, some factors seriously affect the environment as well as the balance of nature. According to Bolay et al. (1997, p. 185), urban environmental problems such as air and water pollution and solid wastes are becoming more serious in developing countries, and Vietnam in particular. Most cities in Vietnam have a high level of population density compared to other countries in the world. There are, for example, more than 23,000 inhabitants per square kilometers in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The shortage of infrastructure and urban services in those cities has become alarming, which has led to the city amenities not being able to meet the enormous population demand (Bolay et al. (1997, p. 189)). Therefore, pollution of surface and underground water, soil and air by households and production has increased roughly these days. It is expected that the Government would take immediate measures in this issue by identifying and suggesting possible solutions to reduce these effects in order to improve the quality of the urban environmental. As can be seen in the Figure 1, urbanized area in HCMC has been expanding rapidly in the past five years. The population has roughly increased in the fringe areas of HCMC, while decreased in the city center (particular in District 1, 3 the centre Business district (CBD)) from 1999. This partly reflects the changes in the land prices. Higher land prices in the city center are affecting population decrease in that area and population increase in suburban areas. Besides, we can predict that the housing development of HCMC would increase in the West and Northwest directions and start occurring in East and South directions in the next ten years. Problem analysis Urbanization causes an overload on infrastructure, particularly in road network, water supply systems and drainage. As Lovejoy (1993, p. 126) referred, the sudden increase in population puts the city under pressure of basic infrastructure demand. There are many requirements for the expanding urban areas, rising food, water and infrastructure quality as well as offering more jobs. To cater for these demands, industrial companies have to increase products and exploit resources as fully as possible. This creates many environmental problems because the natural resources and urban amenities are limited (Satterthwaite, 2009, p. 546). The major problem of urban degradation is air and water pollution. In urbanized cities, air and water pollution is mainly emitted through industrial activities, especially from the production of electricity generated by fossil fuels. Transportation, households, hospitals, laboratories and pesticide used for crops are also responsible for the release of these pollutants into the environment (Satterthwaite, 2009, p. 546-547). Consequently, this dumping of dangerous waste on open sites produces poisoned air and water probably makes people living around the site suffer from diseases simultaneously increasing the incidence of allergies and other symptoms. In HCMC, due to the progress of urbanization, the quality of air and water gradually decrease these years. It can be seen from Figure 2, since 2003, the index of air pollutions has dropped dramatically and the water quality has been below the standard of Vietnam (TCVN). Especially, because the city residents are accustomed to using motorbike, the emissions from motor vehicles contribute high concentrations of air pollutants and smoke. Therefore, pollutions from traffic congestion are becoming one of the most serious environmental issues in HCMC. In addition, urbanization causes population density and increases the demands on urban amenities. Lovejoy (1993, p. 124) states most new dwelling places have no civic facilities, such as water supply, drainage, roads People living in these places discharge rubbish and dirty water directly to channels and rivers as they used to in rural areas. This condition leads to establish the new slums with many environmental and social problems. There are two basic reasons for the disordered urbanization for the past few years which involve the roles of local Government and residents. The first reason is the lack of specific urban planning. The urban planning management is rather passive and mainly depends on experiences (Lovejoy, 1993, p. 124). In many countries, local governments do not know exactly what the function of a specific land will be and how to control this issue effectively. Investor demands hardly meet government approval, and even worse, several projects have not been able to persuade local residents to accept and be carried out (Satterthwaite, 2009, p. 559). The other factor is the awareness of community about environment problems. Majority of residents are just aware of the visual environmental problems in short-term such as noise pollutions and smoke while the solid wastes and underground water pollutions are actually the elements destroying the natural systems in long-term. As a result, it is necessary to establish more and more education programs for citizens in attempt to rise the understanding of community in the quality of urban environment (Bolay et al. (1997, p. 192). Solutions: In my point of view, to improve the living quality and solve the environmental degradation, the government should establish a comprehensive planning system which includes socio-economic development plan, urban construction plan and land use plan. Planning should regulate where it is appropriate to have certain functions located, where it is necessary to have waste disposal sites or green areas and where is suitable to build industrial zones Besides, urban planning should take into account many other factors such as infrastructure and relevant works, making it favorable for development of an area where urbanization is taking place. As an illustration, Figure 3 shows an example of land use plan which respects the natural principles and probably leads to a sustainable development area. An establishment of laws, regulations and guidelines is also necessary in implementation of the Urban Master plans in each level, such as General plans and Detailed plans. For example, policy makers should establish specific socio-economic characteristics in each local area in order to make new and specific policies for urbanizing areas, which should be different from policies for districts already urbanized. Besides, apply indirect tools such as economic measures, including penalties that a production or company have to pay whenever it causes pollution, is also useful in avoiding the increase of urban environmental degradation. Conclusions Urbanization has clearly caused impacts on the city economic structure, especially in urbanized areas. There are positive changes in many social aspects. There is also environmental deterioration and pollution. If people are not noticed and properly solved, this issue will result in extremely consequences and cause negative impacts on the citys urban sustainable development. References Bolay, J.C Cartoux, S Cunha, A Du, T.T.N Bassand, M 1997, Sustainable Development and Urban Growth: Precarious Habitat and Water Management in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, Habitat INTL., Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 185-197, Elsevier Science, viewed 14 Dec 2009,. Boyce, J-K 1994, Inequality as a Cause of Environmental Degradation, Ecological Economics, vol. 11, pp. 1-20, Political Economy Research Institute, viewed 12 Dec 2009,. Chiapponi, M 1992, Environmental management and planning: The role of spatial and temporal scales, Ekistics 356-357, pp. 306-310. Hackett, B 1993, A landscape basis for planning, Ekistics 360 361, pp. 116-118. Lovejoy, D 1993, The vital role of the landscape architect in solving environmental problems, Ekistics 360 361, pp. 124 126. Satterthwaite, D 2009, The implications of population growth and urbanization for climate change, Environment and Urbanization 2009, vol. 21, pp. 545, Sage, viewed 17 Dec 2009,http://eau.sagepub.com >

The Identifying Factors in the Development of Aggression and Violence i

The Identifying Factors in the Development of Aggression and Violence in Youth Today Tragic events like the shootings at Columbine High School capture public attention and concern, but are not typical of youth violence. Most adolescent homicides are committed in inner cities and outside of school. They most frequently involve an interpersonal dispute and a single victim. On average, six or seven youths are murdered in this country each day. Most of these are inner-city minority youths. Such acts of violence are tragic and contribute to a climate of fear in schools and communities. Research findings are identifying factors in the development of aggressive and antisocial behavior from early childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. Prospective longitudinal and intervention studies have identified major correlates for the initiation, escalation, continuation, and cessation of serious violent offending. Many studies indicate that a single factor or a single defining situation does not cause child and adolescent antisocial behavior. Rather, multiple factors contribute to and shape antisocial behavior over the course of development. Some factors relate to characteristics within the child, but many others relate to factors within the social environment (e.g., family, peers, school, neighborhood, and community contexts) that enable, shape, and maintain aggression, antisocial behavior, and related behavior problems. The research on risk for aggressive, antisocial and violent behavior includes multiple aspects and stages of life, beginning with interactions in the family. Such forces as weak bonding, ineffective parenting (poor monitoring, ineffective, excessively harsh, or inconsistent discipline, inadequate super-vision), exposure to violence in the home, and a climate that supports aggression and violence puts children at risk for being violent later in life. This is particularly so for youth with problem behavior, such as early conduct and attention problems, depression, anxiety disorders, lower cognitive and verbal abilities, etc. Outside of the home, one of the major factors contributing to youth violence is the impact of peers. In the early school years, a good deal of mild aggression and violence is related to peer rejection and competition for status and attention. More serious behavior problems and violence are associated with smaller numb... ...earch on violence has built upon that foundation. In 1966, NIMH created a Center for Studies of Crime and Delinquency, which was the locus of pioneering research on aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior and its consequences. NIMH-supported research has generated information needed to identify, treat, and prevent not only the causes of violent behavior but also the effects of violence on victims, for example, child abuse. Most recently, the NIMH has assumed a lead role, along with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in developing a Surgeon General's report on the topic of youth violence. The NIMH believes that this report, as follow-up to the Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health, will be an effective and highly credible means of educating the public about the interaction of mental disorders and youth violence. For More Information About NIMH The Office of Communications and Public Liaison carries out educational activities and publishes and distributes research reports, press releases, fact sheets, and publications intended for researchers, health care providers, and the general public.

Competitve advantage Essay

â€Å"A firm that already has sustained competitive advantage in its domestic market may not have the same advantage in an overseas market. Discuss the issues that this creates for a firm, and how it might exploit its resource advantages to secure successful market entry and create competitive advantage in a new overseas market.† With the global trade network more integrated, according to Pearce and Robinson (2009), firms tend to enter foreign market to gain more profit due to the maturity of domestic market, excess capability, and potential purchasing power in foreign market. Therefore, as a firm has already achieved success in its domestic country it might consider enter a new market. Before it operates in a new market, it has to consider the barrier of market entry, such as the barrier of political, social, economic or technology in a new market. And as foreign entry decision (Peng, 2009) model presents three aspects: where, when and how should be considered before enter in a new market. In addition, as a manager of a company should adjust its competitive advantage to adapt different market. Based on the study of Hill (2013), changes in the forces which include macroeconomics, social, technological, global, political and legal, and demographic may give great influence in competitive force model. Therefore, the ability of a firm to solve problems by the impact of different forces then build new competitive advantage by its resource advantage and competences significant as it enters a new overseas market. This essay will present some specific example of the firms which may enter a new overseas market and face different issues during the process of entering a new market and offer solutions to each issue. Price wars are common in any industry which is a common issue to be considered before enter a new overseas market, moreover, base on five force framework, in order to increase the ability of competing with rivals in industry, the ability of rivalry among competitors is one of the forces. Primark is one of the most successful fashion retailers in British. Its competitive advantage is from its low price. In another word, it gains profit from the cost leader strategy. (Hooley & Piercy ,2008). India is one of the biggest developing countries in the world. It has large population wh ich means India has a huge potential market for Primark. As reported by  BBC (2013) Recently, India government has opened up its retail market to foreign companies to stimulate its economic. Assume Primark enter the market of India, it may face competitive rivals, such as H&M and Gap. It has to maintain its competitive advantage and improves the ability of efficiency of cost .However, as a company which relies on low cost supplier, first of all, it has to decrease the barging power of supplier, thanks to the large population in India, it is not only providing a huge market for Primark but also offering a powerful labor resource to it. It offer an exactly social force to exploit its resource advantage and strategic fit in market of India.(Grant,2007) According to value chain study, reducing the cost of individual cost driver and reemployment could offer cost advantage to a firm. (Thompson & Martin, 2010) Primark could outsource to different local manufactures and create competition among them. In order to reduce the bargaining power of local supplier, Primark should deduce the dependence of a certain supplier. A good experience of Wal-Mart (Peng, 2009) could be used to Primark, it set up a policy within company which prevents any supplier offer more than 3% of its purchase. Furthermore, Primark should constrain those factories by contracts to prevent them copy the product and become both supplier and rivals. Primark might gain profit from controlling the cost and matching the opportunities in the external environment eventually enter a new overseas market. Before enter a new overseas market, the culture is always a considerable problem for a firm. Different countries have different belief, values, and behavior depend on their national culture.(Rugman & Collison) Furthermore, a firm should think about where to enter, base on Institution-based considerations on country risk.(Peng, 2009) It should evaluate the culture distance from its domestic country to a oversea market, moreover, taking advantage of common cultural, language, and historical ties.(Makino& Tsang,2011) If a firm enters a different cultural environment from its domestic and it may lose its competitive advantage. Therefore, when a firm enters a new market, it should not only focus it competitive advantage but also match the requirement of local people and adjust its strategy to current situation. Disneyland built the sixth Disneyland in Shanghai and it will operate in 2015. Consider it is as a cross culture theme park, it should learn the experience of other Disneyland in other countries. French Disneyland (Trigg, 1995) which has not reach its  expectation. It failed in France because it used English as official language in it which annoyed French, alcohol was forbidden in French Disneyland and this policy against the behavior of local people. What is more, it had conflict with farmers for land expropriation and caused opposition in France. Another example to support the argument is Tesco. Tesco lost 1.8 billion in USA, a lot of factors led to its failure, and one of the most important factors is Americans having different eating habits from European. Tesco has not considered it and eventually fail in a different culture environment. In order to gain profit in different culture markets, a firm should improve its abilities of adaption to a specific national market and blend global standardization and local adaption. For example, McDonald’s gained great competitive advantage from its global strategy (Grant, 2010). Although the menus of McDonald’s include globally items, likes happy meals, however, in different counties it ha s locally items. Considering about local relevance and find a balance point between global standardization and local adaption could maintain competitive advantage in a new culture market. In addition, to compete with first-mover in a new market is an important risk to a firm. Late entrants may face entry barrier which set by first-mover and hard to gain market share. Furthermore, the relationship between first-mover and local government maybe stable. (Peng, 2009) Kindle e-book reader is an electronic product was launched by Amazon from 2007 which linked to the electronic books. If Kindle enters Korean market, it would face some powerful competitors. The most competitive rivals is Galaxy Tab of Samsung as well as it have already gained great market share in Korea. In order to compete with Samsung, differentiation strategy could be used by Kindle. Innovation is the most competitive advantage of the technology industry. In another word, kindle should focus on its unique resource which is the large amoun t of e-resources of Amazon. This tangible source could attract customer and create the demand of customer. By increasing its dynamic capabilities by updating its organizational knowledge, accepting different ideas and developing the blend of tacit and explicit knowledge in a new market. (Wall, et al.2010). Besides, Kindle can evaluate the market of Korea which based on the current situation of Samsung before it enters this market and predicts the potential risk and makes some measures in advance. Moreover, late entrances could  cooperate with the first- mover to share the fixed assets to reduce the cost of entering a new market. As for small-medium companies, one of the biggest problems is the scale of the companies cannot support high risk of entering overseas market and they can afford the huge capital. P.van Dam & Zn. BV is family business with less than 30 staff which exports fresh flower and wholesale company in Netherlands. The competitive advantage of P.van Dam & Zn. BV is flexible to response the requ irement of customer. Customer could order flowers by their official website, telephone or E-mail them and customer can contact specialize staff in each step, in other word, P.van Dam & Zn. BV contact customers personally. It can react rapidly and fit the demand of customers. If it wants to enter UK market, it may export directly since the size of it is really small and it prefer to take whole controlling of distribution. The small scale of entry is suitable for them and the best entry mode of this kind of small companies is exporting. It is not only reducing the cost of entering overseas but also get better control over distribution. (Peng, 2009) After a company enters a new market, According to Industry-based consideration on the degree of competitiveness (Peng, 2009), one of potential risks is substitute. For example, Lipton is one of the most competitive brands in China and became the best sale in tea market in five years. The core competence of Lipton is the sensitivity of the requirement of customer (Chanston, 2012). Lipton invests a lot on researching the tendency of tea and the preferences of customer as well as setting up a data base and in different countries. It combined the tea and the life of target customers together. Base on the VRIO framework (Peng , 2009), value, rarity, robustness and Non-substitutability to keep sustainable competitive advantage, Lipton brings a health and new style of drinking tea to Chinese market which also brings value to its brand. Besides, it is will cost a lot to copy the operating model of Lipton. In addition, the healthy image has been accepted by costumers, some substitutes such as coke, juice can’t take place of it. Therefore, increasing the ability of each element in VRIO framework and improve the sustainable competitive could avoid the threat of potential substitute in new market. In conclusion, this essay has covered some major issues when a firm enters a new market, price issue, culture issue, first-mover issue small-medium size company issue and substitute issue. And give some specific companies as examples to explain how to gain  competitive advantage to response to each issue. For example, Shanghai Disney should blend global standardization and local adaption to get competitive advantage in a new market. A firm should change or improve its competitive advantage as it enter a foreign market, otherwise, it will loss the opportunities and fail in a new overseas market. References: BBC (2013). H&M wins final approval to invest in India. [Online] Available at < http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-25196418> Accessed 4th January 2014. Grant, R (2010) Contemporary strategy Analysis: Text and Cases (7th ed). A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Pubilication Grant, R (2007) Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Concept, Techniques, Applications (6th ed). Wiley Blackwell Edition Hill, J (2013). Theory of Strategic Management (10th ed).International Edition Hooley, G. Piercy, N(2008) Marketing Strategy and competitive positioning(4th ed). Prentice Hall Edition Peng, W(2009) Global strategic management(2th ed). International student Edition Pearce, J.& Robinson, R. (2009). Formulation, implementation& control of competitive strategy (11th ed ). McGraw. Hill international Edition Rugman, A. & Collinson,S (2009) International Business( 5th ed) Prentice Hall Edition. Thompson, J.& Martin, F.(2010) Strategic Management : Awareness and Change(6th ed) South-western Edition Trigg, M. &Trigg, D( 1995) â€Å" Disney’s European theme park adventure: a clash of cultures† Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal. Vol2.No.2. PP.13-22 Makino, S.& Tsang, E(2011) Historical ties and foreign direct investment, JIBS, 42:545-557 Wall, S. Zimmermann, C. Klingebiel, R.& Lange,D. (2010)Strategic Reconfigurations: Building Dynamic Capabilities in Rapid Innovation-based Industries. Mixed sources edition.

Canon Yeomans Tale (Canterbury Tales) essays

Canon Yeoman's Tale (Canterbury Tales) essays In Chaucers Canterbury Tales, a Canon and his Yeoman have joined a man they see leave an inn. In this story, the Yeoman starts by telling the host of their occupation and attempts at alchemy. The story the Yeoman is about to tell focuses mainly on one occasion when a Canon had dealings with a priest. After explaining to their host the debt he is now in, the Yeoman tells of the various objects and equipment that they use in the practice of their craft, and against the wishes of his master, he begins his story. In part one of the Yeomans tale, he begins by telling the host a bit of his lifes past with the Canon. The Yeoman tells his host: For seven years I have lived with this Canon, and for all his wisdom Im no better off; I have lost all I owned, as a result, and, God knows, so have many others. (315) With these statements, the Yeoman is setting the opinion of his Canon before the story begins. As he continues in part one, the Yeoman explains that simply using words that sound strange and scholarly, the people instantly give them credit. With that, he names off many of the materials they use and how they use them, telling that each time it is tried they fail, and that some step in the experiment is always to blame. In the second part of the tale, the Yeoman speaks of a religious man, a canon, that would poison a whole town. For when he does business with anyone, he so winds himself up in cunning terms and speaks his words in such a sly manner, that unless the person is as much a devil as he, the canon soon makes a fool of him. (320) He then explains that not all canons are this way, but that his story is to show that those extremely sly and devilish ones should be rooted out. With this out of the way, he begins his story of a priest in London that was approached by a canon and asked to borrow some gold. With the promise of repayment on the thi ...

Colonization Within France Essays - Eugen Weber, Peasant

Colonization Within France Essays - Eugen Weber, Peasant Colonization within France Weber, Eugen. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France 1870-1914. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press. 1976. The nineteenth century witnessed a massive amount of change on almost all levels. The birth of liberal democracy during the French Revolution continued to expand as the growing middle classes demanded more political power to be equal with the economic clout. Nationalism began to play a significant role in the way people and countries viewed themselves. The flourishing Industrial Revolution is what gave rise to the middle class as they were about to use the technological advances in transportation, communications, and the production of energy to enhance their position in society. While a growing number of people flocked to the cities in search of a better life, a substantial portion of the population remained in the countryside and isolated to the changes of the century. Eugen Weber states in his introduction how he had always been fascinated with how there existed two cultures within France during the last part of the nineteenth century, and the works which piqued this interest. In 1944 Roger Thabault wrote about the changes in culture and politics which occurred in several French villages from 1848 until 1914. Four years later Andr? Varagnac, a folklorist, shifted the emphasis from the villages to the countryside when he wrote about how the traditions of the peasants died and were not replaced during this same period. Eugen Weber attempts to combine the methodology of these two studies to illustrate how disconnected France was and through the modernization which occurred during the first forty-five years of the Third Republic that France truly became a unified nation. In the first section of the book Weber describes "the way things were" prior to 1870. Within these first eleven chapters Weber illustrates how these peasants did not speak French, were not aware of the metric system, still maintained their local currencies, and had little access to the world outside their village due to poor roads. Without such a commonality of language or systems Weber believes that it would be impossible to think that France, particularly the country side, had a national consciousness. For those city-dwellers who did venture into the hinterlands they looked at themselves as an explorer or missionary trying to tame a "country of savages". They were dismayed to find that there were still large parts of the country where French was not understood. It was widely believed that the peasants needed to become French. The next nine chapters contains the most important section of the book; Weber aims to show how the peasants were made into Frenchmen through modernization. Weber focuses on the triumvirate of expansion and improvement of roads, military service, and compulsory education as the primary "agencies of change". An extensive system had been in existence in France for quite some time, but in the period under study Weber explains that many of these roads did not reach the hinterlands. The new by-roads allowed for formally isolated areas, e.g. Brittany, to become physically connected with France. The humiliating defeat to the Prussians compelled the stricter enforcement of conscription into military service forced young men to learn French and come into contact with people from outside his region. As peasant children's attendance at school started to improve after the improvement of roads and the educational reforms of Jules Ferry were implemented during the 1880's they began to ! learn the French language of Paris and what it was to be French. While their parents would speak their patois, these regional languages would eventually diminish with them. In the final section of the book states that these regional languages and several other elements of peasant popular culture would become "changed and assimilated" into a greater French culture. The old traditions had changed. No longer was there an inherent fear of outsiders as the peasants began to see in the utility of them in aiding them with trade and industry. The old oral tradition of the veil?ethe time spent with the community between supper and bedtime working and keeping warmdied as the peasants moved into warmer homes and began to enjoy the privacy of the family. In his conclusion, Weber attempts to use his thesis for broader implications. Weber

Consumer Psychology and Buying Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Consumer Psychology and Buying Behaviour - Essay Example On the other hand, the marketers need to incorporate their understanding in the involvement principle into the marketing campaigns in order to assist the consumer in their buying decision behavior. The marketing model that is most used by marketers has two distinctive parts. The first part entails a description of a population of ‘consumers’ who individual choose to buy various competing brands over and over again. The second one entails brand management especially when changing the attributes of a brand like the price, or quality in response to events in the marketplace. Several factors have been said to influence marketing. Once a company has carried out efficient marketing research, it is important to ensure that it introduces the approved product and/or service for the market. Location or place is an imperative aspect of marketing where products and or services are distributed. Marketing also entails promotion of products by given companies. It is used to inform cust omers about the new product that the company intends to bring into the market. The market must be dominated by the element of value for products and services. Most potential consumers tend to buy products or services sold at low prices. Loyalty denotes the likeliness of some consumers to stick to the same products. This serves as the key effect and determinism in the market. Psychology entails how and in what ways aspects of the actual products and /or services in the market influences people to make their choices, by possibly buying a product that is different from the previous one. Sociology entails the manner in which one person‘s buying is influenced by that of others. In essence, there is the tendency of people willing to buy the same brands as others leading to a lock in one product that dominates the market without even considering the fact that the competitors have more or less identical ‘qualities’ that may include price. Introduction Marketing is the sel ling of products and services to potential clients in a given environment at a given time. It basically entails the potential clients that are available and how to handle them. Hence, customer psychology and buying behaviour is necessary in any marketing plan because, clients are the most important elements in growth of businesses. Without marketing, potential customers are not able to learn about the existence of products and services they miss, and this leads to lack of success in business (Kinley et al 2010). Essentially, the large part of the marketing focuses on consumer behavior. Thus, application of psychology acts as a paradigmatic influence in explaining human behavior in terms of consumer perceptions and preferences of certain products and services. On the other hand, the marketers need to incorporate their understanding in the involvement principle into the marketing campaigns in order to assist the consumer in their buying decision behavior. In marketing, most consumer p roducts are designed in the manner that appeals to the customers, encouraging them to buy. Thus, industrial and manufacturer tend to focus more on understanding and manipulating products attributes (Kinley et al 2010). Nether the less, buying behavior is not a function product but also a function of the consumer, the social environment of other customers, the competing products in the marketplace, and the brand marketing strategy. Hence, it is important to first understand the psychology of the consumers, and the sociology of consumer groups or networks. The marketing model that is most used by marketers has two distinctive parts.

Athletes and The Use of Drugs and Performance Enhancing Supplements Research Paper

Athletes and The Use of Drugs and Performance Enhancing Supplements - Research Paper Example Any substance that boosts performance by bringing about alterations in an individual’s behavior, a perception of pain and/or arousal level ought to be considered as performance-enhancing (Kissinger and Miller, 2009). This paper discusses the use of performance enhancement drugs among athletes and holds the position that anything that enhances athletic performance unnaturally should be banned from seeing that it perverts the integrity of competition. Maximizing an individual’s athletic performance abilities is not only arduous, but also a time-consuming undertaking that calls for among others, proper hydration, good nutrition, sufficient sleep, avoidance of supplements, moderate use of alcohol, and quality coaching and practice. Unluckily, in their efforts to attain peak athletic performance levels, some athletes do not rely on natural resources. They instead perceive a need for something that will facilitate and speed up the natural route to an optimal athletic performance. They, therefore, end up giving in to the urge of using performance-enhancing drugs in order to achieve their goal of emerging the very best athlete that they can possibly be. It is important to point out that nearly always, media reports on some alleged incident of the use of performance enhancement drug in the National Football League, National Hockey League, Major League Baseball, or among Olympic track-and-field high profile participants (Kissinger and Miller, 2009).

DB4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DB4 - Essay Example The Crown had to look for new avenues for trade in order to expand the kingdom. He planned on reaching East Indies by sailing west, he under estimate the size of earth. Columbus travelled from Palos towards SouthWest in order to take advantage of the trade winds from the Canary Islands (Paine 1995). The bohemian globe showed that the Indies was on the same latitude as he was, travelling towards Cipangu (Modern day Japan). He assumed that the distance west to China was relatively short and neither he nor his crew would have imagined there was a continent in the way to stop him. For many across the globe, this is still considered as the biggest discovery in the world history, as a result of the discoveries of Christopher Columbus, Western Hemisphere of the world was changed forever and thus gave birth to the Western Civilization. America today is the world leader in international affairs, it would have been not possible if this discovery was not made, and this was one of the greatest turning points in the history. According to historians the natives who occupied the lands that were discovered by Columbus, did not have a rich culture like the Europeans. They were mostly hunters and had no rights over the land. They used to live naked and in an uncivilized manner, which was quite the opposite of the European civilized culture. They used to travel in search of food across the different areas of land. It should not be considered wrong if Columbus took their land to establish European colonies (Roysl 1999). In the opinion of native people, the discovery made by the Italian voyeur Christopher Columbus, wasn’t really a discovery in real. The native Indians have been living there for thousand of years. It was pure ignorance on the part of scholars of that era, who did not know a whole continent existed between Europe and Asia on the west. The discovery should not have been significant enough to become such a historic event in the history,

Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Change Essay Example for Free

Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Change Essay There is a popular saying â€Å"the only thing that is constant is change† by the Greek philosopher Heraclitus. What it simply means is that the only guarantee in life is that things do not always stay the same. Change is needed to grow and advance in life. In the corporate and healthcare industries, change is happening all the time. This article addresses how the Corporate Culture within an entity can aid or hurt the change process at hand. Corporate Culture is defined as a set of characteristics that define a particular company. It involves employee attitudes, values, customs, standards, policies and procedures, and rites and rituals. It defines how a company performs and how it gets things accomplished toward either a positive or negative outcome. The article describes the characteristics of a high performance corporate culture and a low performance corporate culture. In a high performance corporate culture the individuals are more willing to embrace the changes compared to a company were low performance corporate culture is the norm. When organizations are able to adopt change and readily execute systems to carry it out, they tend to be more prosperous. A company with a low performance corporate culture can place a burden on the attempts to change, making it more difficult for everybody involved from management all the way to customers. The article also gives advice on how to overcome cultural barriers to move the culture from low performing to high performing. Some of these principles include giving rewards, showing by example, encouraging involvement, repetition, stating over and over the change and how it will benefit the organization and the expectations from the team and be passionate. By considering the organization’s culture, and acknowledging any key barriers to change, one can help make the change initiative more successful. Perseverance, communication, and passion is needed to build and support new ways of working. Building a higher-performance culture is fundamental to the organizations ability to adapt and change, and to its lasting prosperity. References Last Name, F. M. (Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Pages From To. Last Name, F. M. (Year). Book Title. City Name: Publisher Name.

Realism And Grotesque In Gullivers Travels English Literature Essay

Realism And Grotesque In Gullivers Travels English Literature Essay Gullivers Travels is a pivotal work in the history of the novel as it exhibits the ways the novel inherits and develops Menippean satire and grotesque aesthetics. Gullivers Travels has rarely been regarded as a proper early novel like Robinson Crusoe or Pamela largely due to two conventional understandings of genre and aesthetics. The first common understanding is that the novel and Menippean satire are mutually exclusive genres. Critics have turned to Menippean satire as if to argue that the genre of Gullivers Travels is kind of a prose fiction that is not the novel. Northrop Frye, for instance, begins his discussion of Gullivers Travels by mentioning that most people would call Gullivers Travels fiction but not a novel. It must then be another form of fiction, i.e. Menippean satire (308). In turn, critics who claim Gullivers Travels as a novel tend to ignore the Menippean tradition of the work; Maximillian Novak asserts that once we consider Gullivers Travels as a work of fiction, we cannot shunt it off into a meaningless category such as anatomy or Menippean satire, in his reading of the work as a picaresque novel(35). The second conventional idea is that the grotesque and realism are also two disparate aesthetic realms, and that grotesque aesthetics in Gullivers Travels- from its use of the fantastic, metamorphosis, or the mad man theme to its excremental vision-does not fit into the realistic aesthetic of the novel. The seeming generic instability of Gullivers Travels mostly derives from our preconceived notion of the novel as a genre of probable realism with verisimilar characters and plausible plots. In fact, even the most acute critics of Swift are not entirely free from this prevalent given notion of what the novel should be. Brean Hammond, who appropriates Bakhtins conception of novelization to explain the cultural shifts of the long eighteenth century toward a hybridization that breaks down traditionally observed generic boundaries, surprisingly turn s to a conventional notion of the novel when he argues that Gullivers Travels is not a novel like Robinson Crusoe partly because Gulliver is not a character like Crusoe, a character who is a credible approximation of a human being,-i.e. a verisimilar character-but a device that can be exploited for satiric purposes(250, 270). Hammond is right that [Gullivers Travels] is ideologically opposed to the set of attitudes and beliefs that was fuelling the development of the novel as a genre; part of the intention of the work lies in the parody of Robinson Crusoe or the stuff of 1720s romanceby Haywood, as he remarks(270). That does not mean, however, that Gullivers Travels is not a novel. Swift might have intended his Menippean work partly as a Scriblerian satire that attacks modern hack writings. Paradoxically, or according to the process of novelization, however, Gullivers Travels turned out to be a significant addition to the novelistic tradition; the novelistic energies that Swift desp ised and denigrated boomeranged and informed his satire, and transformed it into a novel. Gullivers Travels is not exhaustively explained by our conventional notion of the novel, but it does not mean that it is not a novel. Rather, Swifts work characteristically challenges our common notion of the novel, and reveals the rich tradition of Menippean satire that is absorbed in the novel. In a similar vein, the grotesque aesthetics of Gullivers Travels belies our confined notion of realism, or realistic aesthetics. It manifests that (novelistic) realism is not limited to probable realism, a mixture of empirical episteme and the modern transformation of classical mimetic aesthetics, but also involves low realism-crudely put, an antonym of idealism or classicism. At a superficial level, the grotesque and realism could look like two separate or almost opposite notions. Geoffrey Harpham and Mikhail Bakhtin, however, illustrate that the grotesque and realism are compatible notions at a fundamental level, and that the history of the grotesque is also the history of the recognition of that compatibility. Harpham provides a useful account of the shift of the notion of the relation between the grotesque and realism. According to him, while the Renaissance regarded grottesche as pure fantasy, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries we find [the grotesque] associated with car icature in.. .Rowlandson, Hogarth, Goya, most of whom we would not associate with fantastic art, and by the beginning of the twentieth century.. .Thomas Mann commented.. .that the grotesque was properly something more than the truth, something real in the extreme.' According to this narrative, the history of the grotesque is a gradual recognition of the fundamentally realistic characteristic of the Grotesque, which is distinct from the mimetic realism of the Classical (xviii-xix). Bakhtin offers another powerful narrative on the history of the grotesque, or the intricate relation of the grotesque and realism. The grotesque and realism are almost synonymous for Bakhtin, as is epitomized in his core term of grotesque realism. Grotesque realism, which lower[s] all that is high, spiritual, ideal, abstract and is opposed to severance from the material and bodily roots of the world, is culminated in the literature of the Renaissance after the medieval culture of folk humor(19-20, 32). As starkly opposed to classical aesthetics, grotesque realism is closely linked to some other central concepts of Bakhtin, like the carnival spirit, the material bodily principle, folk humor, or the ambivalent and regenerating laughter of the people. Bakhtin also historicizes the concept of the grotesque, confining grotesque realism to the Renaissance grotesque, although he underscores the living tradition of Renaissance grotesque realism in world literature. He explains that the Renaissance grotesque is reduced and transformed in later periods, and thus the Romantic grotesque (and the modernist grotesque) is more like an individual carnival, marked by a vivid sense of isolation, losing laughters regenerating power.(37). One notable element in Bakhtins historicization of the grotesque is, however, that the eighteenth-century grotesque is almost invisible between the Renaissance grotesque and the Romantic grotesque. One reason would be, as Bakhtin implies, that the eighteenth century directly inherited the Renaissance grotesque but also embedded the elements of classicism or cold rationalism: a time that the positive bodily hyperbole of Rabelais and the bourgeois disciplined body were uncomfortably commingled and intensely struggled with each other. Thus the eighteenth-century grotesque was the space in which the Renaissance struggle between the Grotesque and the Classical was continued in a displaced form of the struggle between the lingering force of the Renaissance grotesque and now ascending bourgeois rationalism, classical bourgeois reason. The Augustan formal verse satire of Dryden, Pope, or Swift played out the unprecedentedly intense contention between the classical-rational and the grotesque through an odd mixture of refined, sophisticated forms and disorderly, brimming-over contents. Swift also embodies the bitter conflict of the classical-rational and the grotesque through (the relation of) the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos in Gullivers Travels, a Menippean satire and a novel, which remarkably displays the peculiar characteristic of the eighteenth-century grotesque. Although critics have increasingly acknowledged that Gullivers Travels is a Menippean satire, there are few detailed readings of the work in the Menippean tradition, particularly in relation to Bakhtins concept of the genre as an authentic precursor of the novel. While scrutinizing the relation of the Houyhnhnms and the Yahoos as a privileged locus of the Swiftian grotesque, the political dimension of the grotesque will be revealed, which is embedded in the Yahoos as an allegory of the Irish, or colonial subjects, and then briefly examine the political dimension of (low) realism. The Menippean fantastic usually generates three effects, which are fully used in Gullivers Travels. First, the fantastic adventure provides a new, non-human perspective that defamiliarizes our accustomed world, or debunks our habitual, human-centered way of thinking. As Bakhtin describes, it provoke[es] and test[s] a truth by using the observation from some unusual point of view, from on high, for example, which results in a radical change in the scale of the observed phenomena of life(116). Secondly, the Menippean fantastic engages popular imagination or a comic, carnivalesque spirit; the popularity of Gullivers Travels, particularly as a classic childrens book, is considerably indebted to this folkloric imagination embedded in the fantastic. Thirdly, the fantastic offers an occasion to critique the authors (and the assumed readers) contemporary reality, usually by imagining an upside-down world or a Utopian society. In the imagined spaces of Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, or Houyhn hnmland (or Yahooland), Swift cuttingly criticizes the domestic policies of England as well as the overall imperialism of Europe. Gullivers first meal at the Brobdingnagian farmers house illustrates how the three levels of the fantastic-ultimate questions, popular laughter, and a critique of contemporary reality-are simultaneously generated in Gullivers Travels. When the farmers wife gave him something to eat and drink, Gulliver says he: made her a low bow, took out my knife and fork, and fell to eat, which gave them exceeding delight .1 took up the vessel with much difficulty in both hands, and in a most respectful manner drank to her ladyships health, expressing the words as loud as I could in English, which made the company laugh so heartily, that I was almost deafened with the noise. (85). To imagine Gulliver taking out his fork and knife from his magic pockets, in which he seems to have everything necessary wherever he is stranded, is certainly hilarious. Apart from that, why is this scene full of humor, and why does the reader participate in the Brobdingnagians delight and laughter at Gullivers actions? To use knife and fork in eating is a common custom in eighteenth-century Europe, and to drink to her ladyships health in a most respectful manner is also a well-mannered behavior. Yet from the perspective of the Brobdingnagians, to whom Gulliver is like a small dangerous animal or a strange animal at first (83, 90), his socially tailored and overly polite behaviors could look affected or ridiculous mostly because of the incongruity between a strange animal and his pretense to be a perfectly civilized man. Their giant perspective makes us see Gullivers pride in his being a gentleman who acts according to the social code, and by extension, the pride of all humankind in his or her exclusive claim to high civilization. Moreover, a non-human view renders the European manner of using knife and fork or making a gallant compliment on the hostess not so much absolute social etiquette but one cultural custom among many cultural possibilities. To Brobdingnagians, it makes little difference whether a small animal like Gulliver uses knife and fork (as in Europe) or his fingers (as in some other cultures), although using fingers for food is an unequivocal sign of barbarism from a European perspective. Likewise, a humble showing of gratitude for food would be as good as a showy display of a toast for the hostess in a Brobdingnagians view. The Olympian perspective of the Brobdingnagians, which almost innocently exposes the limited view of human beings, also serves as a device of a severe attack on human folly or pride. When Gulliver finished his talking of[his] own beloved country, the Brobdingnagin king could not forbear taking [Gulliver] up in his right hand, and stroking [him] gently with the other, after an hearty fit of laughing, asked [him] whether [he was] a Whig or a Tory. Then turning to his first ministerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he observed how contemptible a thing was human grandeur, which could be mimicked by such diminutive insects as I (100). What makes the kings rhetorical question incisive does not derive from any political considerations but from the sheer size difference between the king and Gulliver; the kings gesture of stroking [Gulliver] gently with his left hand nullifies a pressing problem in eighteenth-century England into a trivial or meaningless one. The exorbitant pride and atrociousness of humans, w hich the king points out repeatedly, looks more preposterous in the frame where giants are human and Gulliver is a diminutive insect. We humans become the most pernicious race of little odious vermin or an impotent and groveling an insect (123, 125) from a Brobdingnagianss view. Laughter is reduced to the level of bitterness here. The fantastic convention of Menippean satire is entangled with another main convention of the genre: metamorphosis. Gullivers travels into fantastic lands are coextensive with his experiences of metamorphosis into a strange, monstrous, unnatural or grotesque being. Metamorphosis, like the fantastic, holds a formal generic significance as opposed to the classical aesthetics of high genres. It destroy[s] the epic and tragic wholeness of a person and his fate: the possibility of another person and another life are revealed in himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he ceases to coincide with himself, as Bakhtin notes. To compare Gullivers fantastic travels and Odysseuss epic journey around their encounter with a monster and its effect on their identities is illuminating. When Odysseus confronts a savage monster, Polyphemus, it is his fate and his character to defeat the Cyclops by using his wiles, as is evidenced in Polyphemus later recall of the prophecy. Throughout his long journey, Odysseuss identity nev er changes, despite his varied disguises, with any encounters with monsters, like Charibdis, Scylla, or Circe. The boundary between a hero and a monster, or the self and the other, cannot be blurred in Odysseus. In contrast, Gullivers encounters with giant Brobdingnagians, which he understandably regarded as monsters at first (seven monsters like himself came toward him 82), shakes his identity to the core. While the Brobdignagians regard themselves as humans, it is Gulliver who becomes a monster, or an unnatural anomaly among those humans. The scholars of Brobdingnag unanimously conclude that Gulliver is Lusus Naturae, or a freak of nature (98). Metamophorsis assumes a permeating line between a hero and a monster, and Gullivers experience of being transformed into a monster among the pigmy Lilliputians or the giant Brobdingnagians (as far as to see himself as a freak) manifests a different concept of self and the other in Menippean satire from that in high genres like The Odyssey. While Odysseus unfailingly defeats various monsters in his way home to reestablish his (social) identity, Gulliver suffers being transformed into grotesque figures in his fantastic adventures only to be mad when he is back home. Gullivers experience as a grotesque being is not only significant in the frame of the fantastic but also holds a strong social resonance-to people in the margin or periphery, a metaphoric transformation into a grotesque being is neither rare nor bizarre, anyway. Gullivers odd trials in Brobdingnag or Lilliput not only involve becoming a symbolic monster, like a diminutive insect or Man-Mountain, but also signify being thrown into a socially abject, precarious position, like a slave or a highly vulnerable courtier. In Brobdingnag, Gulliver has to go through the ignominy of being carried about for a monster, till [he is] half dead with weariness and vexation since now he is [his] masters slave (92, 93, 95). Likewise, despite the high title of Nardac in Lilliput, Gulliver is notified of his friends generous proposal to get him blind and eventually starved to death as an alternative to capital punishment, on which Gulliver says having never been designed for a courtier either by my birth or educationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1 could not discover the lenity and favor of this sentence (69). Gullivers denial of his own identity, or the denial of his monstrosity among the normal inhabitants of Brobdignag, certainly anticipates his total conversion in Houyhnhnmland, his ardent wish to be like the Houyhnhnms and the insistent denial of his Yahooness. And as much as the fantastic lands are overlapped with the real world, Gullivers denial of his abject, grotesque identity so as to be like his dominant masters comes to signify the split identity of a colonial subject. In fact, Gullivers shifting and conflicting subject positions (as a colonized and a colonizer) throughout the whole narrative prepares him for his ultimate madness, a total split identity between his Yahooness and his desire to be a Houyhnhnm. The eventual madness of Gulliver, who always keep[s his] nose well stopped with rue, lavender, or tobacco leaves to avoid the [offensive] smell of a Yahoo (271), or converse[s] with [his horses] at least four hours every day to improve his virtue (266), reflects not so much Swifts stark misanthropy but a common Menippean experiment with a split self. As is typical of Menippean satire, Gullivers madness contains a comic element. Even the most serious reader would smile at the moments like as soon as I entered the house, my wife took me in her arms, and kissed me, at which having not been used to the touch of that odious animal for so many years, I fell in a swoon for almost an hour (265), or I feel my spirits revived by the smell [the groom] contracts in the stable (266). Scattered throughout Bakhtins works, we can find references to Swift as a central author in the eighteenth century, who inherited and developed the Renaissance grotesque and Menippean imagination: the contents of the carnival-grotesque elementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ were preservedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in the work of Swift; this line of experimental fantasicality continuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in Rabelais, Swift, Voltaire and others. Yet there seem to be some notable differences between the Renaissance or Rabelaisian grotesque (that Bakhtin stresses) and the Swiftian grotesque. A conspicuous example of this difference is the peculiar image of the body in Swift, his excremental vision, or the hallmark of his scatological imagery. Bakhtin explains that in Rabelaiss grotesque realism, the bodily element is deeply positive it is opposed to severance from the material and bodily roots of the world (19). As any reader would remark, however, the body image in Gullivers Travels is hard to be described as deeply positive. Swifts body is rather full of filthy, despicable, ugly, burdensome, obscene, or scatological images. Gullivers description of the monstrous breast of a nurse in Brobdingnag ( the hue both of [the nipple] and the dug so varified with spots, pimples and freckles, that nothing could appear more nauseous 87), or of a woman beggar in the country with a cancer in her breast, swelled to a monstrous size, full of holes (105), is only a couple of memorable examples that display negative images of the body in Gullivers Travels. Swifts body also does not involve the image of brimming-over, ambivalence, or regeneration, which Bakhtin asserts are the core principles of the material bodily lower stratum in the Renaissance grotesque. In Gullivers Travels the exaggerated bodily image becomes deplorable repletion, from which all diseases arise (233), or the ultimate culprit of bodily diseases. Human beings are sick because we eat when we were not hungry, and drank without the provocation o f thirst (233), as Gulliver mentions to his master Houhynhnm. Gullivers Travels embodies the intimate relation of the grotesque-allegorical and realism in its own peculiar manner. Gullivers Travels is a crucial work in the discussion of realism in the novel partly because it illustrates how grotesque aesthetics, a crucial part of low realism, positively invokes the authors bad contemporary reality. If realism still matters, one reason lies in that it evokes the embroiled relation between text and world, the real world in which all kinds of oppression, constraints, or injustice-i. e. the objects of Swifts satire-are still happening. It is not surprising that the definition of realism is so various as to seem nearly meaningless, for the definition of reality is so much different as that of realism, depending on each individual or each period; terms like psychological realism, fantastic realism, or historical realism, already imply what the user of the term thinks is the fundamental reality-psychology, fantasy, or history. The political dimension of realism constitutes an integral part of it since realism involves an inevitable question of whose reality is at sta ke. Houyhnhnmland is also Yahooland, according to whose reality is dominant. The Houyhnhnms have had debates for ages about the extermination of the Yahoos, but the Yahoos in turn seem to be ready to have rebellion or mutiny, given a provocation, like the inhabitants of Lindalino. Swift gives a most horrible form to the Yahoos, and even does not give a voice to them: they only howl. However, he makes the reader see that Houyhnhnmland is also Yahooland, not explicitly nevertheless, but still powerfully and disturbingly.

Essay --

1. There is a very homoerotic/masculine feel from the opening scene of Rambo III. We are introduced to a ripped and glistening character that looks like he has been bathing in baby oil/tanning oil for the past 48 hours. There is nothing that seems to hurt Rambo as he takes every blow delivered to him in the opening scene. He is also willing to kill countless amounts of Russians in order to save the American general. The game that Rambo learns to play? It is only a physical game played with goat carcass. Rambo is made out to be un-stoppable and even God-like. When Trautman reveals that Rambo is coming to resue him, Zaysen asks Trautman who he thinks Rambo is†¦God? Trautman replies, â€Å"No, God would have mercy†¦he won’t.† Rambo would rather die than not fight for what he believes in. Even at the end, when all seems lost, he refuses to go down without a fight. His determination to fight is the greatest testament to his masculine identity. The Afghanis respec t this and in this sense, Rambo almost becomes a martyr to them. By the end, it almost seems like they aren’t fighting for themselves, but for Rambo! In relation to Jeffords, the â€Å"hard-body† physique is clearly present with Stallone’s character as are the narratives of heroism, toughness, strength, etc†¦ in the film which helps to clearly demonstrate the mastery over foreign enemies. 2. Orientalism is the way that the Middle East is depicted by its’ friendly acquaintances over in the West. In other terms, it is a â€Å"racist discourse which constructs the orient for Western aggrandizement.† The way that the Afghans are depicted in the film alongside Rambo makes the audience sympathize with them. The little boy also looks up to Rambo. He looks up to him a masculine father-figure. Using th... ...ew what we know now. If only they knew about how 9/11 and the actions the Bush administration took because of it. Furthermore, I wouldn't be surprised if the same question asked of Rambo â€Å"Where’s the honor here?† is asked today by Afghans/Pakistanis wondering where the â€Å"honor† is in unmanned drones? It was hard to figure out who to root for in the film†¦especially with historical bias†¦because the Taliban and entire nation of Afghanistan are made out to be heroes in the film. Back then, it may have been acceptable to insinuate that anyone fighting Russia was practically Christ. They are even referred to as â€Å"freedom fighters† in the film (President Reagan would use this term as well). Today though, we have to watch this film while knowing about the death and destruction caused by terrorists on September 11. Back then, our present â€Å"enemies† were our former â€Å"comrades.†

Performance Appraisal Essay

â€Å"Performance appraisal is the process through which employee performance is assessed, feedback is provided to the employee, and corrective action plans are designed† (Youssef, 2012). So basically, a performance appraisal is the process of evaluation workers’ performance in correlation with previously determined standards of the organization. Performance appraisals are one way of giving employees feedback about their performance at work; they record the employee’s performance to date, their potential and what they could work on to further benefit them. These appraisals do not only help them employee but they could benefit the organization as well in that it reflects on if the employee is right for the position (currently or in the future) and if the training the organization gives is sufficient for the employee. There are many advantages to performing appraisals. The records of these performance appraisals are kept for a period of time, they can be referenced and used to evaluate how an employee has improved over time, or if they have yet to improve or began to slack off. This gives an opportunity for a manager to pull an employee aside and praise them for their accomplishments or inform them what it is they need to improve on, managers can also determine whether or not an employee could benefit from further training. Employees can be given feedback while learning if their goals within the company have been fulfilled while setting up new goals for them to accomplish in the next year. Sometimes, expectations and policies can be difficult to understand; during feedback, one can take that opportunity to have clarity on policies and expectations and discuss matters that they want to discuss in private, such as ideas for improvement or issues they’ve had within the company or with fellow employees. Knowing that your performance will be appraised can serve as motivation to gain a reward for their hard work. There is potential for biases that need to be worked through to make sure everyone is given a fair opportunity. While it’s easy to compare one another, it’s imperative and difficult to resist comparing skills of one employee to another; if employees were compared to one another, it creates an unfair assessment of the employees. It’s crucial to set a standard to evaluate performance. Personality conflicts can influence judgment when assessing performance; this would cause an inaccurate assessment which would be unfair to the employee. Just because an employee is good at one thing, does not make them good at everything, and vice versa. One ruined project or miscommunication in direction does not mean the same thing will occur every time, or again even. There needs to be a minimum time-frame in which an employee’s performance should be assessed; it’s not fair for a manager that’s worked with an employee a time or two to fairly appraise them, a first impression can distort one’s image in either a positive or negative manner. It’s also necessary to appraise one on their entire performance, not just the most recent occurrences. Lifestyle choices should be left out of the appraisal process and should not be used for or against an employee. The primary objectives of an appraisal are – to assess past performance, to identify training needs, to set and agree on future objectives and standards, and to facilitate the achievement of these goals† (Youssef, 2012). Management by objectives includes an agreement between managers and their employees on the employee’s performance objectives for periodic review for the employee accomplishes said objectives. The effectiveness of a performance appraisal can be judged by its objectives. Understanding the strategic objectives can help one adjust to meet the needs of an organization. A timeline allows a manager and employee to make a plan for goals to be met, there must be deadlines and time periods assigned to each goal to ensure that they are met. An employee needs to show improvement, one that is not very productive and having issues with the company’s values and policies will not be around for a long period of time. Employees that are productive and possess talent that are imperative for the position will help with the company’s success and ensure they are able to withstand growth. Strategic planning is needed to determine the budget for current employees as well as future employees. Appraisal results reflect one’s character, development, how well one performs to the organization’s standards, as well as other strengths or weaknesses. In some organizations, these results may be used to determine if/which employees deserve recognition as well as awards such as a merit pay raise, a bonus and/or a promotion. These results can also determine which employees do not mesh with the organization and need to be let go, require counseling or further training or a demotion/decrease in pay. Performance appraisals can be a motivation to excel.