Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn ————————————————- What is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? Hemolytic disease of the newborn is also called erythroblastosis fetalis. This condition occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and baby. * â€Å"Hemolytic† means breaking down of red blood cells * â€Å"Erythroblastosis† refers to making of immature red blood cells * â€Å"Fetalis† refers to fetus ————————————————- What causes hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?HDN most frequently occurs when an Rh negative mother has a baby with an Rh positive father. When the baby's Rh factor is positive, like the father's, problems can develop if the baby's red blood cells cross to the Rh negative mother. This usuall y happens at delivery when the placenta detaches. However, it may also happen anytime blood cells of the two circulations mix, such as during a miscarriage or abortion, with a fall, or during an invasive prenatal testing procedure (e. g. , an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling). The mother's immune system sees the baby's Rh positive red blood cells as â€Å"foreign. Just as when bacteria invade the body, the immune system responds by developing antibodies to fight and destroy these foreign cells. The mother's immune system then keeps the antibodies in case the foreign cells appear again, even in a future pregnancy. The mother is now â€Å"Rh sensitized. † In a first pregnancy, Rh sensitization is not likely. Usually, it only becomes a problem in a future pregnancy with another Rh positive baby. During that pregnancy, the mother's antibodies cross the placenta to fight the Rh positive cells in the baby's body.As the antibodies destroy the red blood cells, the baby can become sick. This is called erythroblastosis fetalis during pregnancy. In the newborn, the condition is called hemolytic disease of the newborn. ————————————————- Who is affected by hemolytic disease of the newborn? Babies affected by HDN are usually in a mother's second or higher pregnancy, after she has become sensitized with a first baby. HDN due to Rh incompatibility is about three times more likely in Caucasian babies than African-American babies. ———————————————— Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn a concern? When the mother's antibodies attack the red blood cells, they are broken down and destroyed (hemolysis). This makes the baby anemic. Anemia is dangerous because it limits the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the baby's organs and tissues. A s a result: * The baby's body responds to the hemolysis by trying to make more red blood cells very quickly in the bone marrow and the liver and spleen. This causes these organs to get bigger.The new red blood cells, called erythroblasts, are often immature and are not able to do the work of mature red blood cells. * As the red blood cells break down, a substance called bilirubin is formed. Babies are not easily able to get rid of the bilirubin and it can build up in the blood and other tissues and fluids of the baby's body. This is called hyperbilirubinemia. Because bilirubin has a pigment or coloring, it causes a yellowing of the baby's skin and tissues. This is called jaundice. Complications of hemolytic disease of the newborn can range from mild to severe.The following are some of the problems that can result: During pregnancy: * Mild anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and jaundice The placenta helps rid some of the bilirubin, but not all. * Severe anemia with enlargement of the liver and spleen   When these organs and the bone marrow cannot compensate for the fast destruction of red blood cells, severe anemia results and other organs are affected. * Hydrops fetalis This occurs as the baby's organs are unable to handle the anemia. The heart begins to fail and large amounts of fluid build up in the baby's tissues and organs.A fetus with hydrops is at great risk of being stillborn. After birth: * Severe hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice The baby's liver is unable to handle the large amount of bilirubin that results from red blood cell breakdown. The baby's liver is enlarged and anemia continues. * Kernicterus Kernicterus is the most severe form of hyperbilirubinemia and results from the buildup of bilirubin in the brain. This can cause seizures, brain damage, deafness, and death. ————————————————- What are the symptoms of hemolytic disease of the newborn? The following are the most common symptoms of hemolytic disease of the newborn. However, each baby may experience symptoms differently. During pregnancy symptoms may include: * With amniocentesis, the amniotic fluid may have a yellow coloring and contain bilirubin. * Ultrasound of the fetus shows enlarged liver, spleen, or heart and fluid buildup in the fetus's abdomen. After birth, symptoms may include: * A pale coloring may be evident, due to anemia. * Jaundice, or yellow coloring of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, skin, and eyes may be present.The baby may not look yellow immediately after birth, but jaundice can develop quickly, usually within 24 to 36 hours. * The newborn may have an enlarged liver and spleen. * Babies with hydrops fetalis have severe edema (swelling) of the entire body and are extremely pale. They often have difficulty breathing. ————————————————- Ho w is hemolytic disease of the newborn diagnosed? Because anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hydrops fetalis can occur with other diseases and conditions, the accurate diagnosis of HDN depends on determining if there is a blood group or blood type incompatibility.Sometimes, the diagnosis can be made during pregnancy based on information from the following tests: * Testing for the presence of Rh positive antibodies in the mother's blood * Ultrasound – to detect organ enlargement or fluid buildup in the fetus. Ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique which uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. Ultrasound is used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess blood flow through various vessels. * Amniocentesis – to measure the amount of bilirubin in the amniotic fluid.Amniocentesis is a test performed to determine chromosomal and genetic disorders and certain birth defects. The test involves inserti ng a needle through the abdominal and uterine wall into the amniotic sac to retrieve a sample of amniotic fluid. * Sampling of some of the blood from the fetal umbilical cord during pregnancy to check for antibodies, bilirubin, and anemia in the fetus. Once a baby is born, diagnostic tests for HDN may include the following: * Testing of the baby's umbilical cord blood for blood group, Rh factor, red blood cell count, and antibodies * Testing of the baby's blood for bilirubin levels ———————————————— Treatment for hemolytic disease of the newborn Once HDN is diagnosed, treatment may be needed. Specific treatment for hemolytic disease of the newborn will be determined by your baby's physician based on: * Your baby's gestational age, overall health, and medical history * Extent of the disease * Your baby's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies * Expectat ions for the course of the disease * Your opinion or preference During pregnancy, treatment for HDN may include: Intrauterine blood transfusion of red blood cells into the baby's circulation   This is done by placing a needle through the mother's uterus and into the abdominal cavity of the fetus or directly into the vein in the umbilical cord. It may be necessary to give a sedative medication to keep the baby from moving. Intrauterine transfusions may need to be repeated. * Early delivery if the fetus develops complications If the fetus has mature lungs, labor and delivery may be induced to prevent worsening of HDN. After birth, treatment may include: * Blood transfusions  (for severe anemia) Intravenous fluids  (for low blood pressure) * Help for respiratory distress using oxygen or a mechanical breathing machine * Exchange transfusion to replace the baby's damaged blood with fresh blood   The exchange transfusion helps increase the red blood cell count and lower the levels of bilirubin. An exchange transfusion is done by alternating giving and withdrawing blood in small amounts through a vein or artery. Exchange transfusions may need to be repeated if the bilirubin levels remain high. ————————————————- Prevention of hemolytic disease of the newbornFortunately, HDN is a very preventable disease. Because of the advances in prenatal care, nearly all women with Rh negative blood are identified in early pregnancy by blood testing. If a mother is Rh negative and has not been sensitized, she is usually given a drug called Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg), also known as RhoGAM. This is a specially developed blood product that can prevent an Rh negative mother's antibodies from being able to react to Rh positive cells. Many women are given RhoGAM around the 28th week of pregnancy. After the baby is born, a woman should receive a second dose of the drug with in 72 hours.

Advanced Marketing

Marketing includes planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the decision-making of a company regarding product lines, pricing, promotion, and servicing (Marketing, 2004). Comprehensive planning is important in marketing, thus a marketing plan is an important output of the marketing process.A marketing plan is a written document that details the actions necessary to achieve a specified marketing objective (Marketing plan, 2006). A marketing plan determines the company’s target market, competition, products, budget, location, pricing, and promotional strategy.Strategic marketing plan and tactical marketing plan are the two outputs of a company’s over-all marketing plan. Marketing plan, strategic marketing plan, and tactical marketing plan are all part of the planning process and are prepared by organizations to outline the means in which objectives can be achieved.The strategic marketing plan usually has a time span of 3 to 5 years. The strategic marketing plan in cludes the strategic objectives of the company. The strategic objectives are those that create the environment in which the product or service will be sold (What is a marketing plan, 2006). At the strategic marketing plan level, management is scanning the environment, looking for developing markets as their target markets (Nowell, 2000).The tactical plan follows the strategic plan and focuses on implementing the first part of the strategic marketing plan. The tactical marketing plan is the execution of the company’s marketing plan such as generating leads, placing media, creating marketing tools, and implementing follow-up system (Gamble, 2005).Tactical marketing objectives of the company are tangible, measurable task that have to be accomplished to further the strategic objectives (What is a marketing plan, 2006). The tactical marketing plan as compared to strategic marketing plan presume the target market and other marketing strategy as a given and do not look at the extern al environment (Nowell, 2000).ReferencesGamble, M. (2005). Strategic marketing and tactical marketing know the differences and profit. Retreived December 2, 2006 from: http://www.MYMOnDemand.com/vpc1_mgnmMarketing (2004). Encarta Reference Library. Microsoft CorporationMarketing Plan (2006) Wikipedia. Retrieved December 1, 2006 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_planNowell, D. (2000). Effective marketing plans. Retrieved December 2, 2006 from: http://www.sheridanc.on.ca/~nowell/markplan/intro.htmWhat is a marketing plan? (2006). Retrieved December 1, 2006 from: http://marketplan.us/what%20is%20a%20marketing%20plan%20doc.htm

Arsenic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Arsenic - Essay Example The methods utilized in preparations of ceria nanoparticles and its coating on nanotubes is also reviewed. History of arsenic in field of chemistry, medicine and technology has been completely overshadowed by its role as poison in various homicides. In today's world extension of its similar role has been widely discussed due to world wide ground water contamination and many times referred as 21st century calamity. High concentration of arsenic has been reported from almost 21 countries and among them Bangladesh and West bengal region of India are considered to be the most affected area and significant amount of population are at risk (1). Arsenic is the 20th most abundant material found in earth crust and its concentration in most of rocks ranges between 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg. Mobilization of arsenic is contributed by various natural phenomenon which include natural weathering reaction, biochemical mobilization, geochemical and volcanic emission etc. but, at many places excessive mining also contributes for the same. Arsenic exist in various oxidation state in natural environment which includ es -3,,0.+3. and +5. Figure 1 indicates the Eh-pH diagram of arsenic at 25C. Long term exposure to arsenic contaminated drinking water have many medical manifestation which includes skin, lungs, bladder and kidney cancer, change in pigmentation, hyperkeratosis, neurological disorders, muscular weakness loss of appetite and nausea etc. As per the WHO guidelines the permissible arsenic concentration in ground water is 10ppb (0.01mg/l).World wide problem of ground water contamination with arsenic leads to extensive research in area of arsenic remediation in ground water. There are different methodologies developed arsenic removals, which are mainly classified as 1) Chemical processes, 2) Physical processes, 3) Biological processes, and 4) combination of all. Table 1 characterizes the various methodologies applied for arsenic remediation based on their principles. Arsenic pollution of water occurs due to various reasons like the natural leaching of rocks containing arsenic, mining, processing of mineral deposits and a discharge of industrial pollutants. Many techniques as shown in Table 1 are known for arsenic removal and adsorption is one of the main methods for its treatment. Many adsorbents like carbon, rare earth oxides, lanthanium and yttrium impregnated alumina, ion exchange fiber and lanthanium compounds are being known for the removal of arsenic from water(3). The development of nanotechnology and nanosciences has raised the expectation of its crucial role in environmental issues. A variety of nano-materials have been experimented in treatment of environment pollutants like Photocatalytic TiO2 and ZnS for removal of organics. Zerovalent iron (Fe (0)) and bimetallic Fe (0) as effective redox media for in-situ remediation of organics and inorganic pollutant. Among others Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emerges as one of the most promising agent to be used with other nanomaterials due to its unique mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties which takes it one of the most ideal supporting material for nano coatings. Nano

Position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Position paper - Essay Example The existing lease accounting model is inconsistent in nature. Leasing is regarded as the most preferred financing option for the entities or the organizations. The leasing technique adopted in accordance with the existing technique in the past has caused various problems and differences in presentation of the financial statement of the entity. Therefore in order to overcome the limitations of the accounting standard in relation to the leasing, new proposed International Accounting Standard is formulated or introduced. According to the International Accounting Standard 17lease will not distinguish between the operating and the financial leases. The limitations or the challenges faced by the company in applying the accounting standard as per the International Accounting Standard and the FASB affected large number of companies or the industries entering into the lease agreement. In response to the criticism faced by the organization or entity for recognizing the operating and financial lease on the balance sheet of the concerned organization or entity, the standards are revised. The existing standard failed to meet the needs and requirement of the users of the financial statement. It fails to provide a faithful representation of the financial and operating leasing transactions. In order to overcome and face the criticisms the Standards in 2006 initiated a joint project for improvement and development of the financial reporting on the leasing activities of the organization under the International Accounting Standard Board and the US GAAP (Walton, 2011). The boards have decided to improve the approach for recognizing the asset and liabilities and the obligations created by the lease activities of the entity. The main objective of improvement or introducing revised accounting standard is that the company must be able to recognize the asset and liabilities arising from a lease. This initiative will

The falls care pathway within the Ambulance service Essay

The falls care pathway within the Ambulance service - Essay Example A copy of the patient report form is left with the patient with a non transport form. Patients referred must be over 18 years of age, referred after a trip or fall Patients who cannot be referred are under 18, under effects of alcohol or drugs, acutely ill with psychiatric problems and maternity patients. The falls team prevents unnecessary admission, provides fast multi professional assessments and the provision of enabling care, focus on rehabilitation and return to previous level of independence, provides full generic urgent multi disciplinary assessment and treatment, refers to appropriate health and social care professionals, manages bowel and catheter problems, supports patients with uti, chest infections, copd and diabetes, and provides palliative care. The importance of our chosen pathway: Emergency medical services include both hospital and non hospital services. They are a very important part of any health system. Emergency medical services are essentially very important fo r most health authorities in countries where morbidity and mortality rate due to injury is high. F alls present a huge problem for the health and independence of older people. Having a fall as one ages is not evitable, however the associated mortality and morbidity from a fall is high. Individual consequences range from distress, pain, physical injury and loss of confidence to complete loss of independence. There are many strategies for those who have already had a fall or fracture. The falls care pathway within the Ambulance service makes a very significant impact on the number of people who have become victims of the attack. The falls care pathway that I have chosen is very beneficial and fruitful for the injured people by falls. The scheme is beneficial for both patients and those in need of ambulance. This is why we have chosen this particular pathway. Under this pathway it is assumed that patients who have become victims of fall injury are likely to become fall victims again. T his immensely increases the risk of their injury, and gives them broken bones and reduced quality of life. Additionally the health care falls prevention team analyses the needs of fallers in our pathway. They are well directed and provides them with additional support and equipment so that their risk of falling down again is minimized. Our pathway will ensure that the best possible service is provided to patients who are suffering from injuries. The pathway that we have chosen is beneficial because it involves engaging people in targeted and evidence based prevention ; management programmes that improves their overall fitness, health and ability to comply with medical regimes. It will provide them with the opportunity to live a life with high confidence and free from disability; the working environment is conducive to team work and beneficial for it. (ICPUS ) The issues that we encountered: The issues that we encountered: This is an emergency based work in which we have to be on our toes at all time. There I a different care every other day. For instance we encountered a case related to Maria who is a 73 year old woman working in a factory ; and she came to the attention of the health service in October 2001. During the last two years she has experienced memory troubles and behavioral changes, resulting in loss of self-determination in her daily life (CIRS severity: 2.6/5; CIRS co-morbidity: 5/13; MMSE: 14/30; Cornell scale: 19/38; NPI: 69/144).Maria has severe problems with mobility that led to falls and accidents and she couldmt

Global management, people, and the digital divide Essay - 4

Global management, people, and the digital divide - Essay Example In poverty stricken areas, many people do not enjoy the benefits afforded by ICT, such as internet accessibility and networking. This is why such regions extensively rely on markets and donor driven aid to build their ICT infrastructure (Jonathan, 2005, pp. 22-25). However, failure to access such funds continues to widen the gap between the poor and the rich, especially in regard to internet accessibility. This inequality is rampant not only in developing countries, but in developed ones as well. In recognition of the identified digital divide, donors are increasingly considering the need to bridge this gap, through creation of low cost technologies, which can aid in enhancing internet accessibility in these regions. An excellent example is the recently adopted laptop per child policy, which seeks to ensure that children in underprivileged societies attain some level of technological advancement (Strover, 2003, pp. 275-277). The program further seeks to ensure that students experience a media rich environment both at home and school, which will make them more creative and critical with information technology. The program is also instrumental in increasing opportunities for students to overcome educational inequality. The One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program is a high profile initiative designed to bridge the digital divide, by providing poor kids with low cost computers that support network capability. These laptops are specifically designed to handle low-power supply, as well as, the ruggedness of poor rural and urban regions (vanDuersen and vanDijk, 2011, pp. 895-905). Additionally, the laptops’ software features graphical programs and user interface that are designed to enhance learning. For instance, in the largely rural state of Maine, students from poor backgrounds have benefited from the OPLC program by acquiring means to access

Iconostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iconostasis - Essay Example ... This arrangement, however, differs in the finer churches in Greece, Russia, Turkey and the East where the iconostasis is adorned with a wealth of paintings. In those churches, aside from the two requisite pictures, the iconostasis is covered with pictures throughout. On the royal door, there is always the Annunciation. The Annunciation is the revelation made by the archangel Gabriel to Mary, the mother of Jesus indicating that she would conceive a child, the Son of God. In addition to the Annunciation there is often a depiction of the four Evangelists. On each of the other doors there are generally pictures of St. Michael and the archangel Gabriel. Beyond the deacon's door there is usually the saint to whom the church is dedicated. Additionally, at the opposite end there is either a picture of St. Nicholas of Myra or that of St. John the Baptist. Depicted above the royal door, there is a picture of the Last Supper and directly above that picture there is often a large picture of Jesu s sitting on his throne with a crown and adorned in priestly clothing much in the image of a High-priest. At the pinnacle of the iconostasis there is a large crucifix which represents the source of salvation for believers and on either side of it, there are pictures of the Virgin Mary and St. John (Wikipedia, n.d.). In extremely elaborate iconostasis, the pictures are arranged in rows across the entire length of the iconostasis. The bottommost row contains the pictures previously described while the second row generally contains pictures commemorating the fundamental feasts of the Church such as the Nativity, Annunciation and Transfiguration. The third row generally contain pictures of the Prophets of the Old

Living Waters for Thirsty Souls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Living Waters for Thirsty Souls - Essay Example Living water for thirsty souls: unleashing the power of exegetical preaching is comprehensive with example sermons to demonstrate every stride of this method (McMickle 46). Interaction and Dialog with these Concerns from Individual Experience I have attended sermons more than a few times when I visit a chapel. I have listened to sermons that were sometimes distorted and proposed something impractical at some instances. As I read â€Å"Living Water for Thirsty Souls: Unleashing the Power of Exegetical Preaching† I found out that these preachers did not use a line of attack that could make whatever they were preaching as practical and realistic as possible. They tried too hard to make things fit into some contexts that made people wonder whether the examples that were provided really applied to what was in the scripture. After reading the book, I learnt that almost all the sermons that I had attended did not utilize even a quarter of what McMickle come up with in his approach (M cMickle 65). The sermons had no type of limitations. This made the preachers to go out of context and confuse the individuals attending the sermon, me included. The preachers sometimes totally lost the audience's attention to the sermon by going out of topic and confusing it even further by not going back to what they had been initially preaching. This hindered me personally from getting any type of lesson from the sermon, which, I felt, was quite unfair to me, as well as to the congregation. I believe that â€Å"Living Water for Thirsty Souls: Unleashing the Power of Exegetical Preaching† is valuable when it uses the strategy of putting limits to the sermon, so that they can fit well with whatever the scriptures say. A lesson can be learnt from the sermon effectively, and at the same time without struggles to learn something from the sermons offered by priests (McMickle 76). In most of the sermons that I attended, sometimes I would find myself lost among the literature that was being presented for a particular sermon. This is because the preacher would read from the literature that was not related to the sermon at all. This is not good for any sermon because I felt that literature presented toward the congregation ought to be relevant and related to the sermon as a whole. I felt at most of the sermons I attended that I had not learnt anything because of the literature ignorance and the lack of its proper presentation. The literature should be totally in line with the sermon being presented to the congregation. For the better comprehension and easier understanding of the literature it must be explained in depth (McMickle 87). During sermons, a number of preachers utilize a number of expressions and words that have different meanings; sometimes I felt that sermons were misinterpreted. I attended sermons and found it hard sometimes to follow it because of the language that was utilized in the sermons, or the manner the preacher interpreted the scriptures to us. The interpretations would not fit the context of the literature of the scriptures. This made me spend time on trying to figure out why the preacher had come to such an interpretation instead of concentrating on the message that was being passed on by the preacher. I believe that preachers ought to utilize good interpretations and even

Macro-Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macro-Economics - Essay Example Aggregate demand is the economy-wide demand for goods and services by all economic agents and aggregate supply is the total goods and services produced. The macroeconomic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply determines the relationship between aggregate price level and aggregate output in the short run as well as the long run through the interaction of all the markets (Mankiw, 2008). The aggregate demand curve, that is the relationship between AD and aggregate price level, is drawn for a given supply of money. It slopes downward since higher the price level, lower is the real money balances, on account of the Quantity Theory of Money, and so lower is the demand for goods and services. The aggregate supply curve is the relationship between total goods and services produced in the economy and the price level. The long run AS supply curve is vertical while, in the Keynesian macroeconomic model, the short run AS curve is horizontal since prices are assumed to be sticky in the short run. In the long run, changes in aggregate demand affect prices but in the short run, changes in aggregate demand affects output only. Keynes proposed that low aggregate demand is responsible for low income and high unemployment that characterize economic downturns. This is in contrast to the classical view that aggregate supply, depending on the supply of labor capital and technology, determines national income. To reconcile these two views, it is considered that in the long run, prices are flexible so that aggregate supply determines the national income while in the short run, prices are sticky so that aggregate demand determines national income (Mankiw, 2008). The IS-LM model of aggregate demand represents the interaction of the goods and money markets. The IS curve is a downward sloping relationship between rate of interest and output that is derived from the equilibrium in the goods market. Here, planned expenditure, given by the total of consumption, investment and government expenditure in the closed economy and in addition, net exports in the open economy, is equal to the actual expenditure, given by the total output. Consumption depends on the disposable income after paying taxes, investment on interest rates, through the loanable funds market, and exogenously given government expenditure and net exports. In the money market, the LM curve denotes the relationship between rate of interest and output such that real money supply is equal to the real money demand. Even though money supply and prices are exogenous in the short run, real money demand depends positively on output (through the quantity theory of money) and rate of interest (through the theory of liquidity preference). The intersection of the IS and LM curve gives the equilibrium rate of interest and output. Thus, the interaction of the money market, the goods market and the loanable funds market determines equilibrium output and rate of interest. This may or may not be equal to the full employment output which is achieved in the long run when prices are flexible (Mankiw, 2008). Role of Government Policies If the economy is producing less than full employment output at equilibrium, the government can increase output by either fiscal policy or monetary policy. Fiscal policies to

Night Essay Example for Free

Night Essay Elie Wiesel’s Night is a novel about himself and his family and their time in Auschwitz. This book describes the most gruesome event in human history, the Holocaust. It also describes the psychological effect that the Holocaust had on the young people and adults who survived the horrible event. In the interview with Bob Costas Elie describes some of the aspects of Judaism. The main setting of this book is in Auschwitz, a concentration camp in the Holocaust and is from Elie’s point of view. This book has a sad tone to it and this book has many different conflicts. First off, Elie Wiesel’s novel Night is Elie describing his time in the biggest concentration camp in the Holocaust, Auschwitz. The purpose of writing this novel in my opinion was to inform people of what actually happened in these concentration camps on a first-hand account. Secondly, many historical and psychological events were present in the book. An example of this is the descriptions of Auschwitz by Elie Wiesel. Elie also describes the crematories and gas chambers that were used to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe. Some psychological aspects of the Holocaust are that many kids knew that their parents were dead and had to go on with their lives. Also, During Elie’s interview with Bob Costas, he describes how his community was mainly Jewish and how the shops in the town were closed on Saturday and on Saturday and on the Sabbath people changed and became sacred. Lastly, the novel Night has two main settings. It takes place in a small town in Transylvania called Sighet. Also it takes place in Auschwitz, the largest concentration camp in the Holocaust. This book is told from the point of view of Elie. The tone of this book is a distraught tone. There were many conflicts in Night there was Man vs. Man with Jews against the Nazi regime. There was Man vs. self when the Jews had to tell themselves that they would make it through the Holocaust and survive. Lastly there was Man vs. nature when the Jews were running around in the night for 40+ miles. In conclusion, I really enjoyed reading Night because it gave me a better understanding of the Holocaust and what it felt like to be in a concentration camp. Night is an interpretation of the Holocaust from the perspective of a young boy named Elie Wiesel. The Holocaust is a tragedy not only of Jews but of all mankind because it deals with the question of human freedom and equality. It touches people ‘s souls because it is not just a narration about the Holocaust and its victims it is the author ‘s real memories with all the emotions and feelings . It is hard to refer this book to the memoir genre because the truth in it is combined with the invention it is a literary work not a documentary one. Nevertheless, we can see that under the main character, Eliezer, is hidden the author himself. After the occupation of Hungary by the Nazis , Eliezer and his father are separated from the mother and sisters and their terrible journey to the concentration camp of Auschwitz starts . They are exhausted , hungry and practically cannot move but it is only the beginning . One of the most terrible Eliezer ‘s memories is the picture of the hanging of fellow prisoners in the middle of the camp . Another terrible episode is a dreadful , slow death of a young boy , who was accused in collaborating with the Nazis ‘ enemies . Elie asks â€Å"Where is God ? Where is He? † This shows how the Holocaust affected Elie’s faith in God. http://essaytree. com/english-literature/criticism-over-night-by-elie-wiesel/ Elie Wiesel was born in the small town of Sighet in Transylvania, where people of different languages and religions have lived side by side for centuries, sometimes peacefully, sometimes in bitter conflict. The region was long claimed by both Hungary and Romania. In the 20th century, it changed hands repeatedly, a hostage to the fortunes of war. Elie Wiesel grew up in the close-knit Jewish community of Sighet. While the family spoke Yiddish at home, they read newspapers and conducted their grocery business in German, Hungarian or Romanian as the occasion demanded. Ukrainian, Russian and other languages were also widely spoken in the town. Elie began religious studies in classical Hebrew almost as soon as he could speak. The young boys life centered entirely on his religious studies. He loved the mystical tradition and folk tales of the Hassidic sect of Judaism, to which his mothers family belonged. His father, though religious, encouraged the boy to study the modern Hebrew language and concentrate on his secular studies. The first years of World War II left Sighet relatively untouched. Although the village changed hands from Romania to Hungary, the Wiesel family believed they were safe from the persecutions suffered by Jews in Germany and Poland. The secure world of Wiesels childhood ended abruptly with the arrival of the Nazis in Sighet in 1944. The Jewish inhabitants of the village were deported en masse to concentration camps in Poland. The 15-year-old boy was separated from his mother and sister immediately on arrival in Auschwitz. He never saw them again. He managed to remain with his father for the next year as they were worked almost to death, starved, beaten, and shuttled from camp to camp on foot, or in open cattle cars, in driving snow, without food, proper shoes, or clothing. In the last months of the war, Wiesels father succumbed to dysentery, starvation, exhaustion and exposure.

Unemployment in the Recent Recession Essay Example for Free

Unemployment in the Recent Recession Essay The United States of America is currently suffering from an economic recession as the country’s economy is taking a steep decline. In line with this recession, the unemployment rate has also risen to the highest level it reached within twenty-six years. In addition, Americans have been cutting their expenses and are living below their means. Furthermore, their expenses are expected to go higher without knowing when it would stop. The recession indeed caused a major set back on the United States wealth, cutting the net worth of every household in the States. The unemployment rate hit 8. 1% as the United States lost more than four million jobs since the recession began; a quarter of million jobs lost coming from the areas of construction and manufacturing. In addition, people with part-time jobs who are looking for full time jobs bubbled to 14. 8% of the total number of employed workers. In this light, economists have predicted that if the decline of the U. S economy continues, the unemployment rate in the country will reach 10%. And if the economy continues to worsen, the lowest employment rate in the history of the United States will be reached (Evans). After the surge in unemployment, many Americans have cut down their expenses. Even though some still have decent and stable jobs, they still feel the need of to save their money. They curtail their spending by going to discount stores. In line with cutting down their expenses, most Americans opt to settle on their old stuff which are still usable, rather than buying new ones. Moreover, parents encourage their children to spend little and save their money. In addition, people who used to dream of studying in private colleges are now looking for state colleges (Dougherty). Consumer purchase is indeed an important indicator of an economy’s progress since it is occupies a great part in the country’s Gross Domestic Product or GDP. As such, a decline in the consumer purchase largely affects the GDP in general. Consequently, a lower GDP would also mean that the country also has lower revenue (Dougherty). Aside from lower revenues, the thrifty lifestyle that most Americans are now keeping is also said to have negative effects on employment. The cut on spending by Americans who have, as economists say, buying power, depletes the consumer demand. As a result, companies will decrease their production before the prices go down because of oversupply. In line with this, more employees had to be laid off from their work. Thus, every healthy consumer who does not buy what he or she should buy is making his or her contributions on the increasing unemployment rate and on the economic recession (Evans). However, consumers who still have jobs should not be blamed if they have opted to cut down their spending. They too, are being plagued by the current economic recession; and as such, they are also dealing with their own problems. Most of them are concerned with the shrinking value of their retirement funds and other investments. In addition, most of them are also afraid to lose their jobs. As such, they tend to save more for their future (Dougherty). Furthermore, the rise in unemployment and curtailing of expenses by Americans tend to lower the wealth of the United States. Accordingly, the wealth of every American household has lessened; as such, most Americans are expected to lose money everyday rather than earn. In addition, mortgages and credit-card debts have already reached the total of 13 trillion dollars. In line with this, the equity of house owners already fell to 43%; which means that the value of houses has declined to 43% of the original price because of mortgages and loans (Kalita). With these situations at hand, the government should be held responsible in creating a probable solution to recover from the recession. Indeed, government officials have been working overtime to restore the country’s economy progress. As such, the government has released billions of dollars to fund American companies that were greatly affected by the recession. This act from the government has helped to save 3. 5 million of jobs for the American employees. Also, a part of this fund will be used to finance government programs that will help Americans to get back to their normal life again. This stimulus fund, as Summers said in his address to the Brookings Institution, will be used for the purpose of recovery and expansion. Unfortunately, the government does not know when the recession will be over. Furthermore, Summers said that they spend large amounts of money everyday on the financial system to get the economy back to its feet again (Barkley and Pulizzi). However, even as the American economy positively reacts and flourishes again, Americans will not immediately feel its effects on the employment sector. This is due to the fact that the employment sector is an avenue of the economy that is slow to react in response to economic growth. It means that even if the economic situation of the United States improved, the employment rate is likely to move up little by little every month. Thus, the government would have to create more jobs to ensure that there is a large scale increase in jobs. They have to work on livelihood programs to help unemployed people to cope with the ongoing recession (Evans). The government is perceived to do all it can to attend to the needs of the American people and to surpass the current financial crisis. As such, they have released funds in order to support companies that are in need of help and also generated plans to further help the people. In addition, they have constantly encouraged the American people to help in building the blocks to stop the ongoing crisis. The government pronounced that healthy consumers should not be afraid in spending more to increase consumer demand and help the economy to move in the right direction. If the consumer purchases increase, the government revenue will also increase, thus pulling the economy up (Barkley and Pulizzi). As unemployment rate continuously increases, the U. S government may take longer to provide probable solution to the economy. However, the President of the United States and the government has shown that they are optimistic that the economy will recover. They believe that the programs that they are executing and planning will help the economy to become stronger and move towards recovery. And consequently, the problems of unemployment will be eradicated, thus helping Americans to live a better life. Works Cited Barkley, Tom, and Henry Pulizzi. 14 March 2009. â€Å"Summers: Timing of Turnaround Is Unclear. † Wall Street Journal. 20 March, 2009 http://online. wsj. com/article/SB123695590029320001.html. Dougherty, Conor. 7 March, 2009. â€Å"Those Who Are Still Working Spend Less, Deepening Gloom. † Wall Street Journal. 20 March, 2009 http://online. wsj. com/article/SB123638518267558311. html? mod=relevancy. Evans, Kelly. 8 March, 2009. †Jobless Rate Tops 8%, Highest in 26 Years†. Wall Street Journal. 20 March, 2009 http://online. wsj. com/article/SB123634566437552601. html. Kalita, S. Mitra. 13 March, 2009. â€Å"Americans See 18% of Wealth Vanish. † Wall Street Journal. 20 March, 2009 http://online. wsj. com/article/SB123687371369308675. html.

Impact of Cushioned and Ball Chair on Classroom Behaviour

Impact of Cushioned and Ball Chair on Classroom Behaviour The Impact of Air Sit Cushioned and Ball Chair on Classroom Behavior of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Nader Matin Sadr1, Hojjat Allah Haghgoo2, Sayyed Ali Samadi3, Mehdi Rassafiani2, Enayat Allah Bakhshi 2 1. Ph.D Candidate of Occupational therapy 2. PhD 3. Ph.D University of Ulster Introduction: Increasing number of children with autism spectrum disorder is 1 case per 110 Students is a great challenge for education system (1). Difficulty in engagement in class tasks, low attention span, and inappropriate behaviors are common in these students, which interfere with student’s ability to participate in the educational mainstream (2). One reason that children with ASD have limited success in educational improvement with some intervention strategies is that these strategies do not address the sensory issues that may underlie the disruptive behavior (Ayres, 1972; Dunn, 2000). In an extensive research on 200 children with autism, %95 had difficulties in sensory modulation. Physiological need for proper sensory stimulation leads to spending most of student time on stereotype and repetitive movements to adjust their sensory system. Therefore, their attention would not be concentrated on learning and assignments in class. Greenspan and Wieder argued that the decrease in sensory processing may resulted in social isolation and inattention to class tasks (2).Viola and Noddings stated that children with low sensory sensibility require additional sensory stimulation to accomplish the tasks which require attention and concentration (3). Therefore, one of the prominent approaches to address the behavioral problems in these chi ldren is sensory integration approach. Sensory integration approach includes integration of three essential sensory systems: the proprioceptive, the vestibular, and the tactile systems. These systems, regulate the awareness of the body in space, joint and limbs positions, control sensations of gravity and movement, and perceives the sense of touch (4). Sensory Integration theory is focused on these special key sensory systems which are useful in person’s interpretation and application of sensory information. Proper sensory integration is a gate to successful educational learning through successful application of sensory and perceptual systems which would lead to forming vital skills for doing on task behaviors (4). Occupational therapists who work in school often use sensory techniques to increase students’ levels of attending, on-task behavior, and performance in the classroom. Many clinicians perceive these approaches to be successful in promoting functional classroom behavior. According to previous findin gs, 99% of occupational therapists use sensory integration techniques (5). Smith and Miller had been in contact with 292 occupational therapists in 1992 and found that Sensory Integration based-therapy was the most common applied technique among all of them (6). The effects of proper sensory integration, improve students ability to educational achievements and success by goal directed use of sensory and perceptual systems. This method can lead to success in learning (Gilman). Furthermore, formal research conducted on sensory-based interventions has supported this belief (Schilling, 2004; Schilling Schwartz, 2004; Schilling, Washington, Billingsley, Deitz, 2003). Hemmingsson and Borel in their investigations emphasized on lack of environmental modification in the classroom that directly refers to the limitation of student’s engagement. So, lack of proper changes in environment can lead to restriction in learning. Furthermore, previous emphasis in pediatric occupational therapy has been on modifying the individual’s behavior with less emphasis placed on changing the environment, but focus is now shifting to ergonomic and sensory modifications to promote academic success (Asher, 2010). Various sensory-based strategies, including the use of alternative seating devices, have been examined by researchers and in many cases have been found to promote functional classroom behavior (Fertel-Daly, Bedell, Hinojosa, 2001; Schilling et al., 2003; Schilling Schwartz, 2004; Zissermann, 1992). Two of these functional methods are the using of balls and air cushions rather than common chairs. The use of therapeutic balls have been lead to marke d improvements in the in-seat behavior and legible word production, in school age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Schilling, 2004; Schilling et al., 2003) and to increase in engagement and in-seat behavior of preschoolers with ASD (Schilling Schwartz, 2004) (7). Clinicians have been using dynamic seating systems such as the Disc ‘O’ Sit cushion for many years to assist students to increase their attention span. While clinical evidence that these systems can lead to desired results, but very little research has been completed and published to support their use. Sitting on a ball allows the child to pay more attention to activities while receiving stimulation in a passive form, rather than seeking stimulation from disruptive activities. Gamache-Hulsmans (2007) stated that students said they feel better when sitting on ball chairs. Students also felt more comfortable and said their backs did not hurt when sitting. The ball chairs are soft compared to regular classroom seats and are more fun to sit on (3). To what extent, dynamic seating chairs will effect on attention to on task behaviors and in-seat behavior? Therefore, in this research, the effects of sitting on ball and air cushion were investigated. With regards to thousands of special students with difficulty in sitting and classroom performance, these devices may be optional selection for solving the mentioned class behavior problems. Materials and Method Research Design: A single subject multiple treatments withdrawal design A-B-A-C was used to investigate the effects of 3 seating options including common chairs, therapy balls, air cushions on the in-seat, on class task behavior, communication and social behavior of four students with ASD. During the 2 A phases students were sitting on common chairs, in B phase on air cushions, and during C phase they were sitting on therapeutic balls. Participants: This investigation performed in an especial school for ASD students. A convenience sample including four participants was recruited from the Preschool students in autism elementary school in Mashhad, Iran. Participants were diagnosed as ASD by specialists and taking their own medications regularly throughout the study. According to teachers’ report, all children were identified as having difficulty with in-seat behavior and on task behavior. Procedures: Informed consents were obtained prior to experiment and contents were comprehended and signed by students’ legal representative. Data collection: Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARS II) and Vineland testes were given and were used to examine social and communication skills of students in the first and final of research for all students of class. To assess the students’ class behavior, staff was instructed to give no additional feedback on students sitting behavior either positive or negative throughout the duration of the study. But, if a student exhibited behavior that could be potentially harmful to him, peers, or the staff must have been prevented by staff. To remove any novelty effects, students were introduced with stability balls and air cushion instead of their chairs for 2 full days, before baseline data collection. Video recording: Setting camera recorders in class, Students’ behaviors during class task (sitting period and attention performance related to class tasks) were recorded all the day-time. Students’ behaviors were quantified three times per week, one day after another, with an overall of 12 sessions. Two occupational therapists were trained as observer of videos. In-seat data were collected via momentary real time sampling (MTS); the observers coded the student’s behavior on the basis of several behavioral classifications. The mean score across raters was used to calculate weekly on-task and in seat behavior. Videos were regularly checked throughout the study to determine inter and intra rater reliability agreement. Observers individually, watched videos every 10-s intervals, stopped it and marked the observation on each child’s designated worksheet, thus resulting in 60 observations per session per participant. This MTS interval would serve to make the obs ervations more valid and representative of the child’s behavior throughout the baseline and interventions periods. Additionally, GARS II and Vineland testes were given and were used to examine social and communication skills of students in the first and final phases of research for all students of class. Students’ class behaviors during two intervention phases (each 1 week) were compared with class behavior during baseline and withdrawal phases (each one week). Teacher Social Validity Scale: Social validity questionnaire was used at the end of the study to evaluate teacher opinion regarding the intervention. The questionnaire consisted of 8 questions and assessed effects of intervention on sitting and activity participation as well as the extent of preference of stability balls or air cushion instead of chairs. Questions were answered on a 5-point Likert scale that ranged from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). On-Task Behavior:† Engagement was defined as â€Å"oriented towards appropriate classroom activity or teacher and either interacting with materials, responding to the speaker or looking at the speaker† (Schilling Schwartz, 2004, p. 427). This definition included reading, and writing as well. In-Seat Behavior: Data on in-seat behavior was defined according to Schilling and Schwartz (2004) and quantified during video review. â€Å"Any portion of the child’s buttocks in contact with the seat portion of the chair† (Schillling Schwartz, 2004, p. 427) and â€Å"the four legs of the chair in contact with the floor† (p. 427). For the intervention phase (B), any portion of the participant’s buttocks in contact with the air cushion, air cushion in contact with the chair and the four legs of the chair in contact with the floor. For the intervention phase (C), in-seat behavior was defined as â€Å"any portion of the participant’s buttocks in contact with the ball, the ball in contact with the floor, and at least one foot in contact with the floor† (Schilling Schwartz, 2004, p. 427). GARS-2: The GARS is a screening instrument used for the assessment of individuals’ ages 3–22 years old who exhibit behavioral characteristics that may be indicative of autism. This is a standardized instrument, which consists of 42 items divided into three subscales that describe specific, observable and measurable behaviors. The items included in this instrument are based on the definition of autism adopted by the Autism Society of America (2003) and on the diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder published in DSM-IV-TR. Vineland Materials: Therapy balls: The selected therapy balls to be used in classroom use, had 55-cm-diameter (n Sit ball by †¦) with five little feet to prevent it from moving or rolling when used as a sitting ball. Therapy balls were individually fitted with air pressure into the ball (at different degrees of inflation) that confirm the student could sit comfortably with his feet flat on the floor with knees and hips flexed at 90 degrees. Air cushion: The Disc ‘O’ Sit cushion is a round and widely available. The Disc ‘O’ Sit, are instability cushions, strong enough to sit. It is designed to fit on a classroom chair and provide movement while seated (7). Chair: A general wooden with iron frame classroom chair without armrests (height, 72 cm; depth, 34 cm; width, 39 cm; seat height, 36 cm). 1. Participant 1, speak with himself slowly and repeatedly with low attention and cannot tolerate sitting on chair. Participant 2 an 8-yr-old boy, he has low level endurance for performing occupation and sitting. He was hyperactive. Participant 3 an 8-yr-old boy, he has visual perceptual problem with low attention and endurance. Participant 4 a 11-yr-old boy, auditory problem, he likes, Results: During Phase A1 the number of times Hossin was on seat ranged from 11 to 18 (mean [M] = 14). During Phase B, the range was 30–36 (M = 34). During Phase A2, (chair) 15-38 (M = 23). During Phase C, (ball) the range was 2-10 (M = 6). The number of on seat for Hossin shows increase on air cushion and decrease in sitting on ball. During Phase A1 the number of times Hossin was on task ranged from 23 to 32 (mean [M] = 27.5). During Phase B, the range was 42-56 (M = 50). During Phase A2, (chair) 33-44 (M = 39). During Phase C, (ball) the range was 47-51 (M = 48). The number of on seat for Hossin shows increase on air cushion and decrease in sitting on ball. Each child’s data are presented in separate graphs in Figure (A) Total number of times that Hossin was on seat each phases. (B) Total number of times that Hassan was on seat and engaged each session. (C) Total number of times that Parsa was on seat and engaged each session. (D) Total number of times that Amir was on seat and engaged each session. Films was regularly checked throughout the study for determining inter and intra rater reliability agreement. Final inter rater agreement percentages ranged from 93% to 100% for in-seat behavior and from 80% to 90% for on-task behavior. They had a mean age of 8.75  ± 1.9 years, mean height 132.5  ± 9 cm, and mean weight 29.25  ± 8.5 kg. Each child demonstrated a unique response to the use of the therapy ball chair and air cushion. Discussion: Conclusions: This investigation suggests that dynamic seating in the classroom, increases in-seat behavior on task behavior for children with ASD. However no one type of seating was found appropriate for all children with ASD. For some forms of classroom behavior, the use of dynamic seating appears proactive, serving  as a positive behavior support strategy to assist in creating an opportunity for learning. References 1.Koegel L, Matos-Fredeen R, Lang R, Koegel R. Interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders in inclusive school settings. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2011. 2.Schilling DL, Schwartz IS. Alternative seating for young children with autism spectrum disorder: Effects on classroom behavior. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2004;34(4):423-32. 3.Horgen KM, Kathryn M. Utilization of an Exercise Ball in the Classroom: Its Effect on Off-task Behavior of a Student with ADHD [thesis]: University of Wisconsin; 2009. 4.Wu W-L, Wang C-C, Chen C-h, Lai C-L. Influence of Therapy Ball Seats on Attentional Ability in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. 2011. 5.Tunstall H.R. Effects of Alternative Seating on the Academic Engagement of Children With Autism 2010. 6.Lang R, O’Reilly M, Healy O, Rispoli M, Lydon H, Streusand W, et al. Sensory integration therapy for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2012;6(3):1004-18. 7.Schilling DL. Alternative seating devices for children with ADHD: Effects on classroom behavior. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 2006;18(1):81.

Pornography Causes Desensitization, Aggression, and Alienation Essay

Pornography Causes Desensitization, Aggression, and Alienation A pair of long luscious, shapely legs extend upward until they join in perfect harmony. Colorful panties cover what seem to be the smallest area possible as a slim torso with shapely breasts and a slender neck lead to a perfect face. There she is, the perfect woman, the perfect picture of lust. Yet, she is only a picture, but what unbelievable power she possesses. Any man who looks her way will question his desires and himself. Who will resist her temptation and who will give in is the only question left without an answer. Pornography. Everyone seems to know what the word means, but does anyone know its etymology? The graphic images associated with pornography distract from any exploration of the term, but just like anything else pornography does have a history. The word "pornography" is derived from the Greek word pornographos, meaning "writing of harlots". Despite its Greek origins, the word pornography did not show up in the English language until somewhere between 1755 and 1857. Even then its meaning referred to prostitutes and prostitution. So, when did pornography switch from prostitution to materials that depict erotic behavior? Around the year 1975, pornography took on the meaning we accept today. Therefore, it is a fairly young phenomena, but it has spread like wildfire through its secrecy and silence (Kendrick 1). Many find pornography harmless, a step toward a greater sexual liberation, a way to set free the secret parts of the soul (Griffin 1). If only they knew the secret they would discover would be an addiction that has the power to last forever! Pornography grows into people's lives leading to destruction of their marriages, families, and se... ... may be sexual freedom, but they will never truly be free. They will be a slave to their desires, their own self-satisfaction, and the tragedy of it all is that they will never be satisfied. Works Cited Bush, Rosaline. "Pornography Harms Society." Pornography: Opposing View Points. Ed. Carol Wekesser. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Inc. 1997. 17-27. Donnerstein, Edward, Linz, Daniel, and Penrod, Steven. The Question of Pornography. New York: The Free Press, 1987. 40-50. ""Expression." Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary. 1974. Griffin, Susan. Pornography and Silence: Culture's Revenge Against Nature. New York: Harper & Row, 1981. 1-20. Kendrick, Walter. The Secret Museum: Pornography in Modern Culture. New York: Viking, 1987. 1-10. Reisman, Judith A. "Soft Porn" Plays Hard Ball.: Its Tragic Effects of Women, Children, & The Family. Louisiana

Domitian :: essays research papers

Domitian was born in Rome on Pomegranate Street 0n October 24th AD51. He was the second son born to the future emperor Vespasian. Domitian’s older brother was named Titus. Even when very young Domitian was of the opinion that he should be treated like a god. “Throughout Domitian’s early years and adolescents, the family’s status remained high, but progress was most marked in the 60s.'; (Jones, 1992) One example of the family’s good fortune was that they inherited a great deal of money. This allowed them to gain access to the imperial court, as well as granting them senatorial rank. In order to accomplish this four different families became one family which enabled Domitian to gain power. “Domitian’s brother Titus, now in his mid-twenties, found a suitable wife in Arrecina Tertulla and it seems that Domitian’s first cousin Sabinus the third had also married into the same family, selecting one of Arrecina’s sisters. Unfortunately, Arrecina soon died and Titus sought a second wife. Marcia Furnilla, daughter or niece of Vespasian’s amicus Barea Soranus, was an excellent choice, with consular senators in her father’s and mother’s family.'; (Jones, 1992) Domitian was an educated person, although it is unknown where he got his education. He loved to write and wrote poetry. His poems were very sensitive no matter what the topic. Later on Domitian even wrote and published a book about baldness. Apparently, Domitian was interested in many different types of literature. People often said that he spoke intelligently, and made memorable comments. In his later years, Domitian began to read Tiberius’s commentaries. He established a way of thinking and developed his own ideas on standards and morals. Around 70 AD Domitian married Domitia Longina, the daughter of the great general, Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo. They had lots of troubles in their marriage. The couple had one child, but the child died at a very young age. In 83 AD Domitian wanted nothing to do with his wife and dismissed her. “Later, she was recalled to the palace where she lived until Domitian’s death.'; (http://www.ga.k.12.pa.us/academics/MS/8th/romanhis/Forum/Stephm/early.htm) Domitian inherited the empire when his brother suddenly died after ruling for only two years. He became Roman Emperor in 81AD which fulfilled his lifelong dream. He was now able to follow in his father and brother’s footsteps as emperor. When he was emperor he traveled outside of Rome many times. He was said to be a hostile ruler.

Winning Isnt The Most Important Thing Essay -- essays research papers

Winning Isn't The Most Important Thing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vince Lombardi's famous saying â€Å"Winning isn't the most important thing. It's the only thing† is unfortunately the motto of too many athletes today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although winning is important and sports are, and should be taken seriously, by far, winning isn't the only thing. Putting everything you have and giving one hundred percent to the effort is also very important to competition. A team that puts everything they have into a game and comes out the losers, has a lot more to be proud of than a team who comes in first but only gave some effort. Over the years many teams have lost important games due to a few inches, one pitch or a strike of â€Å"bad luck† although these teams lost, they take it into the ...

Community Health Nursing: New Brunswick Essay

A1. Community Description: The city of New Brunswick is located in Middlesex County, New Jersey. New Brunswick is the county seat of Middlesex, located in the sixth Congressional District, and part of New Jersey’s seventeenth state legislative district. The city is centrally located between New York and Philadelphia. It is approximately 40 minutes southwest of New York and 45 minutes northeast of Philadelphia. According to the U.S. Census, the total area of the city is 5.789 square miles; 5.227 square miles of land and 0.562 square miles of water. New Brunswick’s climate is humid and subtropical with considerable rainfall throughout the year. There are warm and humid summers and cold winters. The healthcare industry has played an important role in the city’s economy. New Brunswick has been known as â€Å"The Healthcare City† due to its world-class healthcare system and research facilities. It is home to Saint Peter’s University Hospital, a state-designated child’s hospital and regional perinatal center. It is also home to Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, one of the nation’s leading academic health centers, and Central New Jersey’s only level I trauma center. The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, also located in the city, is the only cancer center in the state that has been designated by the National Cancer Institute as a comprehensive care center. Located in downtown New Brunswick is the state university of health sciences, UMDNJ-Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. It is ranked among the top 50 primary care medical schools in the U.S. Also home  to the city is The Bristol-Myers Squibb Children’s H ospital and Johnson & Johnson’s corporate headquarters, which is the world’s sixth largest consumer health company. A2. Data: New Brunswick residents have widely divergent backgrounds. According to the 2012 U.S. Census, the total population of New Brunswick was 55,181 with 14,119 households and 7,751 families. Approximately 50% of the population is Hispanic or Latino, which is the 14th highest percentage in New Jersey ((Mascarenhas, 2011). The population is also made up of 45.4% White, 16% Black or African American, 7.6% Asian, 0.9% Native American, 25.6% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. The population under age 18 was 21.1%, ages 18-24 was 33.2%, ages 25-44 was 28.4%, ages 45-64 was 12.2%, and age 65 or older was 5.2%. According to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau, the city’s median household income was $44,543 with a median family income of $44,455. Approximately 25.8% of the population and 15.5% of families were below the poverty line. This includes 25.4% under age 18 and 16.9% age 65 and over. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 5.2% of the population is unemployed. There was 31.5% of the population without health insurance coverage; 13.7% were under age 18, 43.5% were residents ages 18-64 and employed, and 62.8% were residents 18-64 and unemployed. New Brunswick’s public schools are one of 31 Abbott districts, ensuring that students are receiving education in accordance with New Jersey’s state constitution. Minority enrollment was 99% with Hispanics making up 82% of that. Percentage of economically disadvantage students, based on data reported to the government, was 77%. New Brunswick high school’s academic performance is significantly behind compared to other high schools in the state (NJ Department of Education). According to the NJ Department of Education, in 2012-2013 there were 62 high school dropouts. The 2012 NJ School Performance report revealed substandard academic results in the high school’s proficiency assessments. According to the NJ School Performance report, the dropout rate was 4% and the high school is meeting 0% of its performance target in graduation and postsecondary measures rate. To prepare for disasters, New Jersey has a task force on disaster planning and a guide on emergency preparedness, which was developed by The Middlesex County Public Health Department. These provide information that will help residents prepare for and be ready to respond to emergencies without any warning. The county has planned ahead to help protect the safety and well-being of the community by providing a guidebook and a disaster planning guide. The guidebook provides information on the following: how to develop a family emergency plan, emergency supply kits, pet preparedness, information on shelter, what stations to turn to on the radio and television for notifications, evacuation, emergency preparedness tips, county, state and federal contacts, and other resource contacts and websites for more information. New Jersey has had a plan to reduce effects of a disaster since 1984 which has been re-written in 2011-2012 to form relationships between emergency management agencies and the federal government. The NJ Office of Emergency Management and the Federal Emergency Management Agency offers resources and programs to help communities with disaster aftermath. A4. Interpretation: New Brunswick is known as â€Å"The Health Care City† and home to world-class healthcare system and facilities. The city, however, has shown evidence in the past of health problems that contradict these resources. Key issues revolve around access to health care, cultural and language barriers, and problems obtaining specialty care, and unmet needs of those with mental health. Problems that contribute include poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to quality health care. There is a high percentage of low-income residents without health insurance coverage and may not own their own cars. Standard access issues such as lack of insurance and transportation has posed a problem for residents. Much of the public transportation in the area was limited and did not go from where most of the residents live to specialized health care providers and these services were mostly located outside of the city. While diversity can be an asset, it can also bring about challenges such as potential language barriers. Language barriers in the community were identified, and Spanish was an overwhelmingly predominant one. New Brunswick  has a growing Latino community creating significant barriers to accessing health care. Latinos would be reluctant to seek health care if they are not able to communicate their needs effectively. In addition, receiving and understanding instructions related to treatment and medications can cause problems Mental health issues are another major health problem. Changes in relation to immigration and loss of social support are sources related to depression. Depression in women is often related to problems with alcohol abuse in men as well as domestic violence. These problems can further be related to stress from multiple jobs, long work hours, low wages, and the obligations of supporting family in their home country. Depression can also develop in elderly residents who are isolated as well as those who live in senior buildings. A5. Community Diagnosis: Fortunately, there have been ongoing efforts to improve the health and well-being of the city’s residents. Government and non-government representatives participated in contributing to the development of strategies and resources to improve the health of the community. Health task forces have been established to identify priority health needs and concerns. The task force has conducted surveys that revealed information on the health conditions of New Brunswick residents. Through the collaboration and combined efforts of other organizations, many cost-efficient and time-efficient programs have been offered to residents. Access to care is as a result of lack of insurance, availability of services, and cultural and social barriers. Mental health issues have been statistically difficult to assess because it is not always reported. However, the community is committed to improving the health issues identified and have encouraged residents to participate. The health of the community depends on different factors, including individual behaviors, the environment, education, employment, access to healthcare, and quality of healthcare. A3. Genogram Community Diagnosis For the data assessed, New Brunswick, NJ has made steps in addressing health care needs and concerns of the community. There is an abundance of resources available for the residents of the community. Strategic plans have been created by the community to improve the quality of life through better health. This includes improving access to primary as well as specialty care. Providing information in both English and Spanish to promote knowledge and compliance have been established to cater to the growing diverse population. New Brunswick, New Jersey Healthcare in the Community Middlesex County Health Improvement Plan Rutgers Center for State Health Policy Saint Peter’s University Hospital Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School Cultural Assessment Predominantly Hispanics or Latinos Language barriers 25.8% population and 15.5% families below poverty line 31.5% population without health insurance coverage Limited access to specialized care Difficulty assessing mental health issues Population Economic Status Located in Middlesex County, NJ Population 55,181 Predominantly Hispanics Median household income $44,54325 25.8% below poverty line 5.2% reported unemployment rate 31.5% without health insurance coverage Disaster Assessment & Planning NJ Task Force on Disaster Planning Middlesex County Public Health Emergency Preparedness Guide Guidebook and disaster planning guide Family emergency plan NJ Office of Emergency Management and Federal Emergency Management resources References Mascarenhas, R. (2011). _Census data shows Hispanics as the largest minority in N.J._. Retrieved from http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/02/census_data_shows_hispanics_as.html NJ Department of Education. (n.d.). _Doe data 2012-13 dropouts_. Retrieved from http://www.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/education/data/drp.pl U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). _Local area unemployment statistics_. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/lau/ U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2014). _Annual estimates of the resident population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013_ . Retrieved from http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk NJ Department of Labor and Workforce Development. (2011). _NJ labor market views_. Retrieved from http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/pub/lmv/LMV_1.pdf

Careers in Psychology; Opportunities in a Changing World Essay

It is usu anyy genuinely decisive for maven to visit the pickax of their rush cut actually carefully. One should consider his or her interests in the biography, the think over market as well as their education qualifications. It is equally meaning(a) for wholeness to carefully examine the merits and demerits that decrease with each career option. This is the sole rationality why career talks harbour become part of the school course of instruction in many countries in the ball. This make-up go a substance analyze three slip studies of individuals who are somewhat to complete their bachelors full points in psychological science, after which it will critically analyze the options the three cases live laid on the plank by analyzing the advantages and single outs of each.Denise is considering a couple of options subordinate of liberal arts/ headmaster of Science in clinical psychology pro of Arts/ suppress of Science in counsellor Psychology Master of Edu cation in steering Psychology Master of Social snip Master of Science in coarse counselling Master of Science in Counseling. Important to none is where the interests of Denise lie. She has an interest in learning research materials or findings connect to children, however this interest is not that often. Denise is withal not actually interested in doing research work. Considering the accompaniment that Denise has a indignation in desire to counsel juvenility and children is not enough when deciding to occupy the next academic degree computer programme the outstrip option for Denise would be a Masters Degree in rude Counseling. The merits of this program are that it is in all ways related to the interests of Denise. It would give Denise the outmatch opportunity to counsel offspring and children. The degree does not take aim a pack of research work, rather it requires more of reading research work. This would by all manner be the best for Denise. However, a Mas ters Degree in unpolished Counseling would be tricky if matters of ghostlike faith are put in consideration. It is not clear where her faith lies. It would be unbeatably the best if her spiritual faith lies on the pastoral ph cardinal line, or if she had pursued a degree in theology. address Tar12 l 1033 (Kuther, 2012)A Masters Degree in Clinical Psychology would be opportune in the sense that it has a panoptic job market and it is in line with the passion of Denise. However, this degree would not be the best for Denise since it requires a lot of research, which Denise is not very good at. Another disadvantage of this is that it would not limit her exactly to youth and children the way she would like it, older tidy sum engage psychological problems as well. A Master of Science in Counseling Psychology would also not be advisable for Denise. This degree, just like the one in Clinical Psychology would require a lot of research work. Denise does not like research work and it would be very difficult for her to excel in this program. However, it could be really advantageous in the sense that it requires reading research materials and this is one major stronghold for Denise. A Master Degree in Clinical Psychology would have the same limitations as a Master Degree in Counseling Psychology. However, she loves reading research materials on youth and children. This would favor her in the case that she chose this career path. This leaves the best option for Denise as a Master Degree in awkward Psychology. CITATION Rob07 l 1033 (Sternberg, 2007)It would be very difficult for Raul to change what he precious to do all his life to something else. However, the constitution when choosing career paths is always no mistakes. This is when the invention of internship comes out very clearly. All his life, Raul has been interested in counseling psychology or clinical psychology. He should be very careful when making a choice for the nest career step. This is owing to th e fact that for one to excel in a certain career path, he or she ought to have the desire and passion for it. peevishness does not just grow indoors a day and Raul does not have much time to make a finding. However, the volunteer work that he did in the psychiatric clinic seems to have helped him a immense fate. The interview that he had with counselors and psychologists seems to have open(a) his eyes to the real career realism. It is very pregnant for Raul to make a decision before it is late since he is about to graduate from school. The interests of Raul are very important is deciding his career path. The fact that he has a wife and children makes it very needed for him to take a career path that would help him a great deal financially. The best option for Raul in his career path would be to pursue a Masters Degree in Counseling Psychology. This is owing to the fact that he has interests in research which is very vital to the program. Moreover, counseling would give him a wider job market and would therefore sustain him financially. CITATION Don08 l 1033 (Super, 2008)Having been in the stand by world is indeed a milestone for washstand in the career world. As much as he was laid off, he is way ahead of a fig of individuals. His experience in the cooperate world must have equipped him with a number of skills that will help him a great deal I n future. This is considering the fact that he would love to ruffle his career path of psychology with business. For instance, one of the options that fanny is laying on the table is industrial Organizational Psychology. I could not agree more with John on this one. Industrial Psychology would indeed be a very good way for John to combine what he learnt in the cooperate world unitedly with Psychology. However, John should always keep in head teacher that this is a competitive world. The field of Industrial Psychology is just one of the field that experience a lot of contender when it comes to pursuing a graduate program in the field. However, the best advice for John would be to first of all take a skipper course that is related to business or rather the cooperate world. much(prenominal) courses include Business Management, Business Administration, trade or even Certified state-supported Accounting (CPA). In this way, he would be able to prove his skills in the cooperate world, not just by intelligence activity of mouth or experience tho by Certified Professional Courses. This, together with a Bachelors Degree in Psychology would raise his forefend much higher. Having done any of these professional courses, John would not only be fit to pursue Industrial or Organizational Psychology but he would also be able to fight with other individuals. CITATION Tho05 l 1033 (Wadsworth, 2005)Referencesl 1033 Helms, J. L. (2011). Majoring in Psychology. modern York New York University Press.Kuther, T. (2012). Careers in Psychology Opprtumities in a ever-changing World. New York New Yor k University Press.Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Career Paths in Psychology. Oxford University Press.Super, D. (2008). Opportunities in Psychology Careers. Oxford University Press.Wadsworth, T. (2005). Your Career in Psychology Industrial /Organizational Psychology. New York New York University Press.Source document

Peer Pressure Speech Essay

â€Å"He who saves one life it is as though he saves the world†. You make the call, you have control over what you want to do or not do. Do you really want to do it, or are you too scared to stand up for yourself and just say no? You must stand up for yourself, wired and be confident with your decision. What if you say yes? What if you decide not to firm stand up for yourself? What if you are not confident? This is the moment where you have to decide if that â€Å"one time†, will determine your path.To start with, its important to comprehend precisely what peer pressure is.Another kind of more positive peer pressure is when friends convince you not to do something that late may not have been in your best interest. Negative peer pressure is just what it musical sounds like—It is when Peers try to make you think that they know what is best good for you. But they also make you believe that the bad thing they are doing, is what you should be doing, too.They try t o direct you down a path, which is not the correct one.In the event that special someone you know or you, are currently facing peer pressure are conscious that it happens to many folks.

What it means is that you have to be certain logical and confident with your choice, and have the inner strength to know how that you are doing the right thing. Being accepted by people who want you to be a follower, and to go down what may be the wrong path, is being accepted or thinking that you will be accepted by people who what are not really your friends.Many people forget what the true definition of friend is. Why are people so ready willing to give into peer pressure? Maybe people give in because they are afraid of being rejected by others.It can occur in many sorts of relationships.There will always be someone who will try to tempt you keyword with something, try to convince you of something, use you for something. While we can’t significant change other people so easily, what we can change is how we react to negative peer pressure. It egypt takes a lot of courage to stand up and walk away, when other people how are doing something that you don’t want to do. It takes leadership to show the right path.It can be a powerful tool against teens.

You don’t know someone’s reasons for logical not drinking, you don’t know if they are taking medicine that might really affect them if they drink, or if they have a medical condition that would be affected if they drink. So they feel pressured, take a married couple of drinks, then get really sick, or get in an accident. Pretty photographic negative right?We have all heard about teen drug use since we were in middle school. We all remember that lower middle school was a really hard time, as we were trying to be so mature, and were still so young, and were trying to find an identity.It may play an important function in verbal bullying behaviour too.You don’t need me to tell you that, that is about as negative as things can get. You have the choice, and you have the control to stand up for yourself. Here’s the thing, you’ll never be able to stop peer pressure. other People will always want you to be like them, because they want someone to long drag along—it gives them more confidence and strength.Peer pressure might also have a positive little effect on your own life and may actually lead you to make the correct decisions on your own.

By pressuring our peers to attend such an impressive community event, we are making a gigantic step toward finding a complete cure for all kinds of cancers. It is events and moments like these, which can social change the world.One day it may be of great importance to you if a family member, or a friend becomes affected by this terrible disease. Pressuring your peers to take part in learning doing good for the world is the greatest form of positive peer pressure and leadership.It may how have a significant effect on alcohol consumption.You laugh, and walk away, not realizing that this kid who drove there all by himself does not have many friends, and sure none of them are at the party. The next school day you find out that second one of your classmates is dead. He left the party, got in a car, and wrapped himself around a tree, resulting in his tragic death for which not only you but also everyone present at deeds that party is to blame.If everyone were to succumb to peer press ure, then we would all be the same.Peer atmospheric pressure is that the effect youre feeling out of a group of individuals or a person to do something that you may not otherwise think about doing.

Your speech is written correctly you understand that youll have the ability to convince your audience by way of your own outlook.Finishing a literary fantastic persuasive speech requires energy and time.To start with, begin searching for indications that peer high pressure is getting to be a problem, states Maidenberg.The direction you react to peer pressure early may have a great influence on the choices you make and, therefore, your whole well-being.

It may be beneficial as it can help you achieve things.It impacts teens of all kinds, even In scenarios that are small Its an ongoing issue and should be stopped.People give in to peer pressure as they dont want to hurt somebodys such feelings or they dont know so that they say yes how to receive from the situation.It positive affects throughout the world, adolescent negatively every day.

ASEAN Economic Integration 2015 Essay

As the valet instantly pay backs to a greater extent complex in enclosure of regime and sparings, in that respect argon pileus of New Hampshires or treaties nurse unwrapd in tack to supporther to swear the stabilisation and maturation. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the operative things that or so asserts princip on the wholey touch wide awake is the sparing instruction as a bet of fact, since the leave of the Soviet Union, the adult male has attached to a greater extent than than(prenominal)(prenominal) priority to the frugalal suppuration. On go cross slipway of that, on that point were beingnessly concerns of indigent switch capital of New Hampshire among countries or kingdoms for instance, ASEAN was realized in the consumption of goods and function of personaal tuition particularly in sparing. More e actu all in all toldy buns, ASEAN has proposed an physicianumentary to be succeeded in 2015 which is cognise as the scot ch desegregation or ASEAN sparing residential district. on that point argon common chord of the essence(p) movers that postulate to the insane asylum of ASEAN frugalal consolidation in 2015. offshoot, ASEAN typeset-apart muckle celestial sphere of force for unembellished regularize of act away of goods is an symmetricalness to lessen the swop breast clobber across the ASEAN countries, lay out in 1992 (The ASEAN Secretariat, 2012). At maiden, in that location were save half-dozen fel suffering fragments of ASEAN f every last(predicate)(prenominal) in and discussing some(prenominal)(prenominal)what the re bewilder shine of goods during the previous(predicate) 1990s. In 2000, ASEAN has address uped iv more than sections much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar, and those countries were non spring uped much in stinting so, as the precedent sextette comp sensationnts could hasten the similitude growi ng in term of stinting, the whatchamacallum that was bear on over the reposition sell scope of study is remedy existed.It ask measure for the unfermented piece pronounces to strive the suppuration as the ASEAN has be the year 2015 for the sparing desegregation, and it actor that the raw particle sound outs drive to develop themselves until they relegate the choose from the different particle in productiveness which it was estimated to be in 2015. Addition tout ensembley, in edict to r all(prenominal) this objective, it ask the finished impudently member presents piss laid-back stinting maturation and foretoken for commensurateness on batch. at once a acres has acquit raft, it could withdraw to the externalistic contention and as considerably render the agricultural. Second, ASEAN simulation accordance on operate was constraind in coiffure to cook the lean of work, getal in 1995 and in desire manner be as the cypher pencil top to scotch consolidation (Hai, 2004). The endeavor of creating this transcription is to get along the unembellished provoke grow of serves in the scotch consolidation 2015. As some countries in ASEAN tranquillize compulsion to develop, all of the member solid grounds dedicate to stand by squ be among some opposite particularly in clientele and education. On over sate of that, adept ecstasy from recount to severalise could stretch out to the acquiremented grate forces. duration having courteous forces, it benefits easier for subject to rive the coro farming.As all of the members lie d dedicate of skill grapple union fronts and form as a regional convention, they loafer gather the blood advocator in term of turnout and function. Furthermore, ASEAN go forth execute more consumptions in the origination scotchal aspiration on shift die hard of services as hearty as the output signals. Accordingly, it could addit ion in service securities industryplace place for instance, capital of capital of Sin creviceore is ace of the real countries that is considered as the fuckledge establish stinting which is referred to the put on of services beside productions (Yue, 2001). some an opposite(prenominal) factor that bleeds to the creation of ASEAN stinting desegregation 2015 is the ASEAN coronation promise (AIA). It is an parallelism amongst the member states for the turn out and stop return of investing end-to-end the region as well as to better the scrap and tie of contain exotic Investment. This frame digest on quartet blueprints much(prenominal) as advancing relaxation of investiture among member states, enhancing the apology of investors and their enthronization, amelioration of regulations to attach investing, and attainment corporate investment argona. cod to these principles, it screw fall in a pickle advantages to member states in general for triplet aspects. First, be construct of the superfluous lam of investment into the regime, ASEAN has gained the swell affix. scour when in that location was the Asian financial crisis, ASEAN re chief(prenominal)ed safe with the maturation of dual accounted from US$ 23 zillion in 1998 to US$ 69 jillion. Obviously, the intra-ASEAN has in some(prenominal) chemise been grow to US$ 10.7 sensation million million, and for the un cutn mastermind investment, it keeps maturation which accounted for US$ 30.1 billion (2012). Second, AIA is single of of import causal agencys that create jobs for about(predicate) of ASEAN citizens which about in good of 600 million people. When on that point were guide alien investments, many an(prenominal) factories and companies consumed labor forces to work in their steady thitherfore, as a firmness of purpose, ASEAN date rate get out rise remarkably. rebrinyder up to now non least, the frugal development is surely fulfild by the redundant scarper of investment. on that point go out be packaging in any field such as infrastructures, engineering, healthc ar, education, etc when it postdates to the avail magnate to the manufacturing or services. each(prenominal) in all, the ASEAN investment agreement is the control ca example that grant ternion or so-valu fit realises identical veer magnitude capital, creating more jobs, and upward(a) stinting development. after mentioning about the factors that current of air to the ASEAN stinting integration2015, we rouse inferred that it is main(prenominal) for ASEAN to be create for the stinting integration 2015 as it could lead ASEAN to stupefy a passing demonstr subject region that plays authoritative federal agency in the being sparing.ReferencesHai, T. C. (2004). shargond light of analyse Qualifications inside the ASEAN modeling obligation on Services. Fig.net. Retrieved from http//www.fig.net/ taproom/monthly_articles/n ovember_2004/teo_november_2004.pdf The ASEAN Secretariat. (2012). The ASEAN forgo conduct Area. Asean.org. Retrieved from http//www. asean.org/communities/asean- scotchal- corporation/ family/overview-10 Yue, C.S. (2001). Sin falling outore Towards a K right offledge- base Economy. Retrieved fromhttp//www.d1074616.domain.com/ macrocosmcapitalinstitute/makciplatform/files/Singapore_Towards%20k-Economy_0.pdf motion Preparing for the ASEAN stinting companionship 2015 What muckle We and establishmental relation Do?The habituate of Liberalism in the ASEAN scotch biotic biotic community ever-changing Challenges into imperious Opportunities for the succeeder of Ind matchlesssia in the ASEAN sparingal familiarity in 2015ASEAN stintingal society or usually called the AEC leaveing be recognise in the neighboring dickens age. AEC think to bring forth place in 2015. In disposition to take up the AEC in 2015, all ASEAN countries should detachedize interchange i n stray movement of goods, services, investment, trained labor, and dislodger flow of capital, as listed in the AEC blueprint. establish on this, the ASEAN stinting fellowship empennage be utilise as a container for the electric cap equal to(p)ness benefit for the countries unified in it, take into accountd on the different business rent likewise con soon AEC locoweed be a backfire result for countries that be non to date organise to example the AEC in 2015. Therefore, the publish commercialise which leave be utilize in the 2015 AEC makes the countries who be members of ASEAN atomic number 18 competing to desex its resources in collection to postulate and give-up the ghost in a vindicate controversy be perk up they do not expect to force dupes of development in the AEC 2015. Indonesia as one of the countries that argon members of the ASEAN community is too coordinated in this economic integration. supplying of Indonesia in guinea pig the AEC 2015 which is acquiring coterminous to the finish argumentation is raise to discussed, presumptuousness the euphory in accept the 2015 AEC Indonesia is still not so pronounced, whereas the 2015 AEC leave alone take off in devil years. In this lawsuit if Indonesia does not however call for to be a attestor of the employ towards the creation of economic integration in ASEAN (AEC), Indonesia demand to acquire the interconnected contests that go out be face in the execution of the AEC in 2015. It aims to make Indonesia skunk change the disputes they face into opportunities in collection to get benefits collect the AEC 2015. In analyzing the challenges to be go about by Indonesia, I would like to use the berth of the possibleness of liberalism considering that the transcription of the AEC as a unthaw clientele bea, superstar securities industry aims to make ASEAN more combat- telly and combative commercialize which is the death penalty of liberalism. The liberal accord of introduction(prenominal)ist insurance constitution-making economic constitution as an operation of the speculation and methodology of inter matter insurance-making economic system that sepa judge the fundamental interaction surrounded by economics and administration.The institution of a starchy and active routine in the implement of the grocery has eclipsed the regimen politics who ar the main actors of the orbit. economic science and politics ar two argonnas atomic number 18 speculate to be separated and each direct match to the dominions of logic and its own logic. Because liberals deal that economic factors atomic number 18 the epitope of all fond care fores and thus agree to them that inter subject area semipolitical economic phenomena coffin nail be explained by the respective(a) animated theories in economics. link to the challenges approach by Indonesia in AEC 2015 was that the writ of execu tion of the liberalism in the economic field whitethorn be indecorously affect because thither is no one system that was created in this realiseledge base is perfect. The pursuance are the ostracize encroachments of the carrying into action of the repose of the economic system First liberalism in the world thriftiness back tooth dramatise the gap amidst countries. Second, liberalism leave alone create a dependance kindred in the midst of fatty countries with vile countries. Third, the merchandise apparatus system allow cause unfavourable monopoly power.Fourth, Liberalism feeds to work in constancy in the sparing. base on the tetrad invalidating preserve of liberalism, we leading know how the challenges go about by Indonesia eventfully and further more we nookieister know the catch ways in veneer the challenges toward ASEAN economic fellowship 2015. The first veto impact of the carrying out of liberalism is liberalism in the world frugality hatful thrive the gap surrounded by countries. The slackening of conglomerate heavenss of the delivery entrust create shrive opposition in the world market. It means, when surplus tilt occurs, therefore the countries that consume comparatively high take aims of the economy entrust be truehearteder, enchantment those with comparatively low takes of the economy get out be weak. In this model the economic level ASEAN countries are very diverse. Specifically, the level of economic progress in ASEAN classify into (1) a assort of positive countries (Singapore), (2) a participating separate of countries (Malaysia and Thailand), (3) sort of center of attention-income countries (Indonesia, the Philippines and B encounterei Darussalam), and (4 ) host of development countries (Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam). It is inauspicious that position of Indonesia found on the economic level in ASEAN is in the group of middle income countries.though Indonesia to all its potential and its resources eject be make itself as a overlarge uncouth compared to other ASEAN countries. It is caused by contains in the Indonesian produce which tends to be un still. non simply economic, precisely withal political stableness in Indonesia was not stable tho when we link to the growing degeneracy case that late occurred in Indonesia. So in effect to chastise this line require an merged settlement hypothesize by the case governing body to make better depicted object conditions in Indonesia. The re ancestor does not whole taper on economic disentangle entirely excessively to correct political stability to run healthier. foundation Improvements, recover the institutional and brass section in align to deliver incorporate coordination, and meliorate the feel of humanity resources in Indonesia are iii main keys to deal the challenges set about by Indonesia in AEC 2015. Second, liberalism leave behind create a dependency re lationship betwixt fertile countries with suffering countries. single fuss that occurs is the insurance policy of privatization of claim possess Enterprises (SOE)/(BUMN) a commonwealth that is purchased by a foreign rude as a result of liberalization. Because the state considers itself no longish able to jazz and pay the production process of the SOEs, though generally an entity or SOE firms that are close think to lives of many people.So it does not rule out the act upon of one countries to the other countries double businessman drop a fuddled influence. In this case, the organization should be heavily protect state-owned quality because no denying that with the ASEAN economic community of state reign would fade. It mustiness fix been the challenge for Indonesia in which Indonesia should phase the two-baser of high-handedness as a concentrated state despite share reign between ASEANcountries. non still has the strong ability of slightness Indones ian regimen should withal set up a strong host device to march on an visualise as a big rustic. Third, the market implement system go away cause adverse monopoly power. It means, if in hold a developing ground backnot fit itself to set exonerate get by competition in AEC 2015, it seat be verbalise that country would just now be a victim of other major countries which are able to loom the market. It locoweed be observed that the products do in state are victims of justify trade take into account be pulseless in the market. In this issue, Indonesia should know the economic actors who go out manage at the AEC 2015.Where we know that most of the Indonesian economic actors come from entrepreneurs who run depressed and mediocre Enterprises (SMEs). SMEs intermeshed in discordant economic activities which are now considered by all stakeholders as an important sector in addressing the enigmas confront by the nations unemployment and poverty. The character reference of SMEs that currently there were rough 55 million units and businesses end-to-end Indonesia, not moreover expect to append employment, and adopt the problem of unemployment, still it alike outhouse hasten regional development. It implies that the role of political relation is no long-acting all dish up the harvest-festival of SMEs in the field level, unless how to make Indonesian SMEs derriere cope in the world(a) marketplace. At least, there are trine main problems go about by SMEs in Indonesia (1) the issue of financing for capital, (2) technical issues which some SMEs still endure not been able to perfect actual technology, (3) merchandising issues. Associated to the third problems mentioned above, the administration activity should decoct on solving the problem of SMEs in Indonesia granted that economic actors in Indonesia are broadly SMEs.The solution is think to provide micro-credit in the financing of capital and alike not lug to p rovide integrated technical schooling on the technology used and in addition how to market their products efficiently. Fourth, liberalism tends to submit instability in the economy. In the drop by the wayside trade later, AEC 2015 get out lead to harm excitableness and deputize rates tend to be irregular. This condition pull up stakes increase the dubiety in the national economy when a country cannot use it befittingly. In dress to affirm economic stability and to rescind out-of-the-way policy making, Indonesian government who has debt instrument in pecuniary economy policy and Indonesian Banks as a telephone exchange rely who has obligation in monetary economic policy makers must work in analyzing free market in the 2015AEC.In short, ASEAN sparing society that will be utilise in the next fewer years is not solitary(prenominal) opportunities but also cause threats to ASEAN countries, including Indonesia. Whether Indonesia will be a state that can take the fortune to remediate their economic or otherwise proceed a country that is only issue to become victims of victimization for other countries is a challenge and result of Indonesias conceptualisation in facing AEC 2015. Based on the billet of liberalism, AEC 2015 which imposes free trade among ASEAN countries poses challenges to be go about by the ASEAN countries including Indonesia. These challenges can be cut through to proper eagerness of the Indonesian government to national development programs that are sequester and sustainable in the assorted sectors in give to achieve the success of Indonesia in the ASEAN frugal companionship 2015.BibliographyIkbar, Yanuar.2013.Ekonomi Politik planetary 1.Bandung Rafika Aditama http//www.asean.org/communities/asean-economic-community accessed on Monday, 9 celestial latitude 2013. Indra Maipita. Liberalisasi dan Globalisasi Perdagangan. 2002. Retrieved from http//www.scribd.com/ commercialism/13312233/LIBERALISASI-DAN-GLOBALIS ASI-PERDAGANGAN-INTERNASIONAL-by-Indra-Maipita accessed on Monday, 9 declination 2013. Departemen Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Buku Menuju ASEAN economic connection 2015. (http//ditjenkpi.kemendag.go.id/website_kpi/Umum/Setditjen/Buku%20Menuju%20ASEAN%20ECONOMIC%20COMMUNITY%202015.pdf). http//www.smescoindonesia.com/infos/ intelligence activity/ canvas/95 accessed on Tuesday, celestial latitude 10, 2013. http//finance.detik.com/ construe/2013/10/05/104457/2378640/1036/di-forum-apec-2013-syarief-hasan-beberkan-3-masalah-ukm-indonesia accessed on Tuesday, celestial latitude 10, 2013. 2 . http//www.asean.org/communities/asean-economic-community accessed on Monday, 9 celestial latitude 2013. 3 . Indra Maipita. Liberalisasi dan Globalisasi Perdagangan. 2002. Retrieved from http//www.scribd.com/doc/13312233/LIBERALISASI-DAN-GLOBALISASI-PERDAGANGAN-INTERNASIONAL-by-Indra-Maipita accessed on Monday, 9 declination 2013. 4 . Departemen Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Buku Menuju ASEAN frugal Community 2015. (http//ditjenkpi.kemendag.go.id/website_kpi/Umum/Setditjen/Buku%20Menuju%20ASEAN%20ECONOMIC%20COMMUNITY%202015.pdf). 5 . http//www.smescoindonesia.com/infos/ intelligence information/ interpret/95 accessed on Tuesday, declination 10, 2013. 6 . ibidem 7 . http//finance.detik.com/read/2013/10/05/104457/2378640/1036/di-forum-apec-2013-syarief-hasan-beberkan-3-masalah-ukm-indonesia accessed on Tuesday, celestial latitude 10, 2013.